Herpes simplex
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Herpes simplex na usnama.
Herpes simplex ― Herpes simplex infekcija na prstima je češća kod male djece nego kod odraslih.
References
Infekcija HSV-1 napreduje kroz primarnu infekciju epitelnih ćelija, nakon čega slijedi latencija, uglavnom u neuronima, i reaktivacija. HSV-1 obično uzrokuje početne i ponavljajuće vezikularne erupcije, uglavnom na ustima i genitalnoj sluznici. Njegove manifestacije variraju od orolabijalnog herpesa do različitih stanja kao što su herpetički folikulitis, infekcije kože, zahvaćenost oka i teških slučajeva kao što je herpes encefalitis. Antivirusna terapija pomaže u upravljanju HSV infekcijom.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) je široko rasprostranjena infekcija, koja pogađa oko 22% odraslih u dobi od 12 i više godina, ukupno 45 miliona odraslih u Sjedinjenim Državama. Dok HSV-1 obično uzrokuje oralne rane, može dovesti i do genitalnih lezija. Međutim, kada pacijenti imaju genitalne lezije, HSV-2 je obično glavna briga. Simptomi izbijanja HSV-2 često su nejasni, poput svraba i iritacije genitalija, što može odgoditi dijagnozu i liječenje. Ovo kašnjenje može rezultirati daljnjim prijenosom na nezaražene osobe.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) obično uzrokuje infekcije poput genitalnog herpesa i herpesa kod tinejdžera i odraslih. Kada HSV inficira novorođenče u prvih 4-6 sedmica života, može dovesti do teške bolesti sa ozbiljnim posljedicama. Brzo dijagnosticiranje neonatalne HSV infekcije ključno je za zaustavljanje pogoršanja bolesti, sprječavajući neurološke probleme (čak i smrt) .
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex infekcija je vrlo česta i može se prenijeti sa trudnica na njihove bebe. Ovaj virus može uzrokovati ozbiljne zdravstvene probleme ili čak smrt kod novorođenčadi. Iako je to rijetko tokom same trudnoće, često se dešava tokom porođaja. Rizik je najveći ako se majka zarazi u kasnijim fazama trudnoće. Međutim, ovaj rizik se može smanjiti upotrebom antivirusnih lijekova ili odabirom carskog reza u određenim situacijama.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) tipovi 1 i 2 inficiraju mnoge ljude širom svijeta. Obično virus ostaje miran u nervnim ćelijama nakon infekcije kože, ali se kasnije može ponovo aktivirati, izazivajući herpes. Ponekad dovodi do teških problema kao što su infekcije oka, upala mozga ili opasna stanja kod novorođenčadi i osoba sa slabim imunološkim sistemom. Dok trenutni lijekovi pomažu u kontroli infekcija, rizik od rezistencije na lijekove i nuspojava ostaje zabrinut. Potrebni su nam novi lijekovi da bolje ciljamo virus.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Postoje dva tipa virusa herpes simplex , tip 1 (HSV-1) i tip 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 češće uzrokuje infekcije oko usta, dok HSV-2 češće uzrokuje genitalne infekcije. Prenose se direktnim kontaktom sa zaraženom osobom. Genitalni herpes je klasifikovan kao polno prenosiva infekcija. Može se prenijeti na novorođenče tokom porođaja. Nakon infekcije, virusi se prenose duž senzornih nerava do tijela nervnih ćelija, gdje ostaju doživotno. Uzroci recidiva mogu uključivati: smanjenu imunološku funkciju, stres i izlaganje sunčevoj svjetlosti.
U većini slučajeva, antivirusni lijekovi se uzimaju samo kada su simptomi teški. Svakodnevni antivirusni lijekovi mogu se prepisati nekome ko ima vrlo česte infekcije. Ne postoji dostupna vakcina i vakcina protiv šindre ne sprečava herpes simpleks. Tretmani antivirusnim lijekovima kao što su aciklovir ili valaciklovir mogu smanjiti ozbiljnost simptoma.
Stope HSV-1 ili HSV-2 širom svijeta su između 60% i 95% kod odraslih. HSV-1 se obično inficira u djetinjstvu. Procjenjuje se da je 536 miliona ljudi širom svijeta (16% stanovništva) bilo zaraženo HSV-2 od 2003. godine, s većom stopom među ženama i onima u zemljama u razvoju. Većina ljudi sa HSV-2 ne shvaća da su zaraženi.
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