Herpes simplex - Herpes Simple
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Herpes simple al llavi.
Herpes Simple (Herpes simplex) ― La infecció per herpes simple als dits és més freqüent en nens petits que en adults.
References
La infecció per HSV-1 progressa mitjançant la infecció primària de les cèl·lules epitelials, seguida de la latència, principalment a les neurones, i la reactivació. El VHS-1 causa habitualment erupcions vesiculars inicials i recurrents, principalment a la boca i la mucosa genital. Les seves manifestacions van des de l'herpes orolabial fins a diverses condicions com la fol·liculitis herpètica, les infeccions de la pell, l'afectació ocular i casos greus com l'encefalitis herpes. La teràpia antiviral ajuda a controlar la infecció per HSV.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) és una infecció generalitzada, que afecta al voltant del 22% dels adults de 12 anys o més, amb un total de 45 milions d'adults als Estats Units. Tot i que el VHS-1 normalment causa úlceres orals, també pot provocar lesions genitals. Tanmateix, quan els pacients tenen lesions genitals, el VHS-2 sol ser la principal preocupació. Els símptomes dels brots de VHS-2 solen ser vagues, com ara picor i irritació genital, que poden retardar el diagnòstic i el tractament. Aquest retard pot provocar una transmissió addicional a persones no infectades.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causa habitualment infeccions com l'herpes genital i l'herpes labial en adolescents i adults. Quan el VHS infecta un nadó durant les primeres 4-6 setmanes de vida, pot provocar una malaltia greu amb conseqüències greus. El diagnòstic ràpid de la infecció neonatal per VHS és crucial per evitar que la malaltia empitjori, evitant problemes neurològics (fins i tot la mort) .
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
La Herpes simplex infecció és molt freqüent i es pot transmetre de les dones embarassades als seus nadons. Aquest virus pot causar greus problemes de salut o fins i tot la mort en els nounats. Tot i que és rar durant l'embaràs, sovint passa durant el part. El risc és més alt si la mare s'infecta en les últimes etapes de l'embaràs. No obstant això, aquest risc es pot reduir utilitzant fàrmacs antivirals o optant per una cesària en determinades situacions.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) tipus 1 i 2 infecten moltes persones a tot el món. En general, el virus es manté en silenci a les cèl·lules nervioses després d'infectar la pell, però es pot reactivar més tard, causant herpes labial. De vegades, provoca problemes greus com infeccions oculars, inflamació cerebral o condicions perilloses en els nounats i les persones amb sistemes immunitaris febles. Tot i que els medicaments actuals ajuden a controlar les infeccions, el risc de resistència als medicaments i els efectes secundaris segueix sent una preocupació. Necessitem nous fàrmacs per atacar millor el virus.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Hi ha dos tipus de virus herpes simple (herpes simplex) , el tipus 1 (HSV-1) i el tipus 2 (HSV-2). El VHS-1 causa més freqüentment infeccions al voltant de la boca mentre que el HSV-2 causa més freqüentment infeccions genitals. Es transmeten per contacte directe amb l'individu infectat. L'herpes genital es classifica com una infecció de transmissió sexual. Es pot transmetre a un nadó durant el part. Després de la infecció, els virus es transporten al llarg dels nervis sensorials fins als cossos cel·lulars nerviosos, on resideixen tota la vida. Les causes de recurrència poden incloure: disminució de la funció immune, estrès i exposició a la llum solar.
En la majoria dels casos, els fàrmacs antivirals només es prenen quan els símptomes són greus. Es poden prescriure medicaments antivirals diaris a algú que té una infecció molt freqüent. No hi ha cap vacuna disponible i la vacuna contra la teula no prevé l'herpes simple. Els tractaments amb medicaments antivirals com aciclovir o valaciclovir poden disminuir la gravetat dels símptomes.
Les taxes mundials de HSV-1 o HSV-2 estan entre el 60% i el 95% en adults. El VHS-1 sol infectar-se durant la infància. S'estima que 536 milions de persones a tot el món (el 16% de la població) estaven infectades amb HSV-2 el 2003, amb taxes més elevades entre les dones i les del món en desenvolupament. La majoria de les persones amb HSV-2 no s'adonen que estan infectades.
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Eviteu qualsevol contacte físic, com ara besar a un nen, mentre hi hagi butllofes, ja que el contacte pot transmetre la infecció a altres persones. Cal descansar sense beure alcohol.
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