Mwy o wybodaeth ― Cymraeg

Mae Porokeratosis yn gyflwr croen prin a nodweddir gan broblemau keratinization, sy'n arwain at glytiau siâp cylch uchel neu lympiau garw ar y croen. Ei nodwedd ddiffiniol o dan y microsgop yw presenoldeb lamella cornoid, trefniant penodol o gelloedd yn haen uchaf y croen. Daw Porokeratosis mewn amrywiol ffurfiau (disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, linear porokeratosis). Mae'n bwysig nodi y gall porokeratosis ddatblygu'n cancer y croen. Y ffordd orau o wneud diagnosis o porokeratosis yw trwy biopsi o'r ffin uwch, er nad oes protocol triniaeth safonol ar hyn o bryd.
Porokeratosis is an uncommon dermatologic disorder. It is a disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques with an elevated border. It has a distinct histologic hallmark of cornoid lamella, which is a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells in the upper epidermis. There are multiple clinical variants of porokeratosis, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, and linear porokeratosis. Porokeratosis is a precancerous lesion that can undergo malignant transformation. Evaluation of porokeratosis is best with a biopsy of the elevated border. There are no standard guidelines for treatment.

Mae Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) yn glefyd o ceratinig anhrefnus. Mae'n un o chwe math o porokeratosis, ac fel arfer mae'n effeithio ar ardaloedd mwy o'i gymharu â'r lleill (linear, Mibelli (porokeratosis of Mibelli), punctate, palmoplantar disseminated (porokeratosis palmoplantar disseminated), superficial porokeratosis). Mae'r math eruptif o porokeratosis yn aml yn cysylltu â cancer, immunoswmp, neu lid. Mae ffactorau risg yn cynnwys geneteg, immunoswmp, ac amlygiad i'r haul. Mae DSAP yn dechrau fel papylau pinc neu frown a macules gyda ymylon codi mewn mannau agored i'r haul, gan achosi ychydig o gosi weithiau. Mae triniaethau'n amrywiol a gall gynnwys diclofenac topig, therapi ffotodynamig (PDT), 5‑fluorouracil neu retinoidau. Ystyrir bod y briwiau hyn yn cyn‑ganser, gyda siawns 7.5‑10% o droi'n garcinosig i gelloedd sgwâs neu gelloedd sylfaenol.
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a disease of disordered keratinization. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is one of six variants of porokeratosis. It has more extensive involvement than most other variants. These other variants include linear porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. The eruptive form of porokeratosis is associated with malignancy, immunosuppression, and a proinflammatory state. Risk factors for porokeratosis include genetics, immunosuppression, and ultraviolet light. The lesions in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis start as pink to brown papules and macules with a raised border in sun-exposed areas that can be asymptomatic or slightly pruritic. There are many options for the treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, including topical diclofenac, photodynamic therapy (PDT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, and lasers. These lesions are considered precancerous. There is a 7.5 to 10% risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.

Daeth dyn 52 oed, a oedd yn iach cyn hynny, i mewn gyda darn fflat, siâp cylch ar ddiwedd ei bedwerydd bys traed, a oedd wedi bod yno ers 2 flynedd heb achosi unrhyw symptomau. Dechreuodd fel twmpath bach, caled a thyfodd tuag allan dros amser. Er gwaethaf rhoi cynnig ar wahanol driniaethau fel cryotherapi, corticosteroïdiau topig (topical corticosteroids), gwrthffyngolau a gwrthfiotigau, ni wellodd y clwt. Wrth ei archwilio'n agos gyda dermoscopia (dermoscopic examination), gwelwyd canol sych, coch gyda border trwchus, garw. Roedd darn bach o groen a gymerwyd o ymyl y clwt yn dangos twf celloedd annormal yn haen allanol y croen, gan gadarnhau diagnosis o porokeratosis of Mibelli.
A 52-year-old man with no past medical history presented with an asymptomatic annular atrophic patch on the distal portion of the fourth toe of 2 years’ duration. The lesion began as a small keratotic papule that gradually enlarged centrifugally. He had received multiple treatments including cryotherapy, topical corticosteroids, antifungals, and antibiotics without improvement. Dermoscopic examination revealed a scaly atrophic erythematous central area with a sharply demarcated peripheral hyperkeratotic structure. A skin biopsy of the edge of the lesion revealed a cornoid lamella with a column of parakeratotic cells extending from an invagination of the epidermis with absence of granular layer. The clinicopathologic correlation was consistent with porokeratosis of Mibelli.