Erythema nodosum
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Den fremstår som en smertefuld erytematøs knude på benet.
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ReferencesErythema nodosum er den mest almindelige type panniculitis, karakteriseret ved smertefulde røde knuder, hovedsageligt på underbenene. Dens nøjagtige årsag er stadig ukendt, men den ser ud til at skyldes en overdreven reaktion på forskellige udløsere. Selvom oprindelsen ofte er usikker, er det vigtigt at udelukke andre underliggende tilstande, før man diagnosticerer primær erythema nodosum. Tilstanden kan indikere begyndelsen på systemiske sygdomme såsom infektioner, inflammatoriske tilstande, kræft eller reaktioner på medicin. Almindelige udløsere inkluderer strep‑infektioner, tuberkulose, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatorisk tarmsygdom, visse lægemidler og graviditet.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis henviser til en række forskellige inflammatoriske tilstande, der påvirker fedtvævet under huden. Disse tilstande er sjældne hos børn. Panniculitis kan enten være hovedproblemet i en systemisk lidelse eller en reaktion sekundær til faktorer såsom infektion, traume eller visse medikamenter. Uanset årsagen viser de fleste former for panniculitis lignende symptomer, herunder smertefulde, røde knuder under huden.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis, en betændelse i fedtlaget under huden, er en sjælden tilstand, der typisk viser sig som hævede knuder eller pletter. Erythema nodosum (EN) er den mest almindelige form og udløses ofte af forskellige faktorer. Omkring 55 % af tilfældene har ingen klar årsag, men almindelige triggere omfatter infektioner, medicin, visse sygdomme såsom sarkoidose og inflammatorisk tarmsygdom, graviditet og kræft. EN forekommer hovedsageligt hos teenagere og unge voksne, oftere hos kvinder. Tilstanden er ofte forudgået af en generel sygdomsfølelse, der varer én til tre uger, med symptomer som feber og øvre luftvejsinfektioner. Herefter opstår røde knuder, typisk på ydersiden af arme og ben, som kan være smertefulde. EN's præcise årsag er ikke fuldt ud forstået, men man antager, at immunkomplekser i de små blodkar i fedtlaget udløser betændelse. En biopsi viser som regel betændelse i fedtlaget uden skader på blodkarrene. Selv uden specifik behandling af den underliggende årsag forsvinder EN ofte af sig selv, så de fleste patienter har kun brug for støttende behandling af deres symptomer.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Erythema nodosum diagnosticeres klinisk. En biopsi kan tages og undersøges mikroskopisk for at bekræfte diagnosen, hvis den er usikker. Et thorax‑røntgen bør udføres for at udelukke lungesygdomme, især sarkoidose og tuberkulose.