Herpes simplex
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Herpes simplex på læben.
Herpes simplex – en herpes simplex‑infektion i fingrene er mere almindelig hos små børn end hos voksne.
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ReferencesHSV-1-infektionen skrider frem gennem en primær infektion af epitelceller, efterfulgt af en latent fase, hovedsageligt i neuroner, og derefter reaktivering. HSV-1 forårsager typisk både første gang og tilbagevendende vesikulære udbrud, primært på munden og i den genitale slimhinde. Dens manifestationer spænder fra orolabial herpes til forskellige tilstande såsom herpetisk folliculitis, hudinfektioner, øjeninvolvering og alvorlige tilfælde som herpesencefalitis. Antivirale behandlinger hjælper med at håndtere HSV-infektionen.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) er en udbredt infektion, der påvirker omkring 22 % af voksne i alderen 12 år og derover – i alt 45 millioner voksne i USA. Mens HSV-1 typisk forårsager mundsår, kan den også give genitale læsioner. Når patienter har genitale læsioner, er HSV-2 som regel den største bekymring. Symptomerne på et HSV-2‑udbrud er ofte milde, fx kløe og irritation i kønsorganerne, hvilket kan forsinke diagnosen og behandlingen. Denne forsinkelse kan føre til yderligere overførsel til uinfekterede personer.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) forårsager typisk infektioner såsom genital herpes og forkølelsessår hos teenagere og voksne. Når HSV smitter et spædbarn inden for de første 4–6 uger af livet, kan det føre til en alvorlig sygdom med alvorlige følger. Hurtig diagnosticering af neonatal HSV‑infektion er afgørende for at forhindre, at sygdommen forværres, og for at undgå neurologiske problemer (endda død).
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex‑infektion er meget almindelig og kan overføres fra gravide kvinder til deres babyer. Virussen kan forårsage alvorlige helbredsproblemer eller endda død hos nyfødte. Selvom den er sjælden under selve graviditeten, forekommer den hyppigere under fødslen. Risikoen er størst, hvis moderen bliver smittet i de senere stadier af graviditeten. Risikoen kan dog reduceres ved at anvende antivirale lægemidler eller ved at vælge kejsersnit i visse situationer.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 og 2 inficerer mange mennesker verden over. Normalt forbliver virussen inaktiv i nervecellerne efter at have inficeret huden, men den kan genaktiveres senere og forårsage forkølelsessår. Nogle gange kan den føre til alvorlige komplikationer såsom øjeninfektioner, hjernebetændelse eller farlige tilstande hos nyfødte og personer med svækket immunsystem. Selvom den nuværende medicin hjælper med at kontrollere infektionerne, er risikoen for lægemiddelresistens og bivirkninger fortsat en bekymring. Der er behov for nye lægemidler, der kan målrette virussen mere effektivt.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Der findes to typer af herpes simplex‑virus: type 1 (HSV‑1) og type 2 (HSV‑2). HSV‑1 forårsager mest almindelige infektioner omkring munden, mens HSV‑2 primært forårsager genitale infektioner. De overføres ved direkte kontakt med den inficerede person. Genital herpes er klassificeret som en seksuelt overført infektion og kan overføres til et spædbarn under fødslen. Efter infektion transporteres virus langs sensoriske nerver til nervecellelegemerne, hvor den forbliver livslangt. Tilbagefald kan udløses af nedsat immunfunktion, stress eller sollys.
I de fleste tilfælde gives antivirale lægemidler kun, når symptomerne er alvorlige. Daglig antiviral medicin kan ordineres til personer med hyppige infektioner. Der findes ingen vaccine, og helvedesildsvaccinen forhindrer ikke herpes simplex. Behandling med antivirale midler såsom aciclovir eller valaciclovir kan mindske sværhedsgraden af symptomerne.
Verdensomspændende er forekomsten af enten HSV‑1 eller HSV‑2 mellem 60 % og 95 % hos voksne. HSV‑1 smitter typisk i barndommen. Det anslås, at 536 millioner mennesker på verdensplan (16 % af befolkningen) var inficeret med HSV‑2 i 2003, med højere forekomst blandt kvinder og i udviklingslande. De fleste med HSV‑2 er ikke klar over, at de er inficerede.
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Undgå enhver fysisk kontakt, fx at kysse et barn, mens blærerne er til stede, da dette kan sprede infektionen. Du bør hvile og undgå alkohol.
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