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Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.

Panniculitis danner en heterogen gruppe af inflammatoriske sygdomme, der involverer det subkutane fedtvæv. Disse lidelser er sjældne hos børn. Panniculitis kan være den primære proces i en systemisk lidelse eller en sekundær proces, der skyldes infektion, traumer eller eksponering for medicin. De fleste typer af panniculitis har den samme kliniske præsentation (uanset ætiologien) , med ømme, erytematøse subkutane knuder.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.

Panniculitis , betændelse i det subkutane fedt, viser sig normalt med inflammatoriske knuder. Erythema nodosum (EN) er klinisk den hyppigste form for panniculitis. Mens op til 55 % af EN betragtes som idiopatisk, omfatter de mest almindelige årsager infektioner, medicin, systemiske sygdomme såsom sarkoidose og inflammatorisk tarmsygdom, graviditet og malignitet. EN optræder typisk i teenagere og 20'erne og ses mere almindeligt hos kvinder. Det er ofte forudgået af en uspecifik prodrom på en til tre uger, som kan omfatte feber, utilpashed og symptomer på en øvre luftvejsinfektion. Derefter følger kutane læsioner, typisk lokaliseret på ekstensoraspektet af lemmerne. Læsionerne er smertefulde afrundede eller ovale, let hævede, ikke-ulcerative røde knuder. Den nøjagtige patogenese af EN er ikke forstået, selvom det antages at skyldes aflejring af immunkomplekser i venolerne i septae i subkutant fedt, hvilket forårsager en neutrofil panniculitis. Selv uden specifik terapi for en årsagstilstand forsvinder EN uden behandling i de fleste tilfælde.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.