Burn
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Second-degree burn: If blisters are present, the burn is classified as second-degree.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesA superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Burns that affect only the superficial skin layers are called superficial or first‑degree burns. They appear red without blisters, and pain usually lasts about three days.
When the injury extends into part of the underlying skin layer, it is a partial‑thickness or second‑degree burn. Blisters are common and the area is often very painful. Healing may take up to eight weeks, and scarring can occur.
A full‑thickness or third‑degree burn involves all layers of the skin. Pain may be absent, and the burned area often feels stiff.
A fourth‑degree burn also damages deeper tissues such as muscle, tendon, or bone. The burn is typically black and frequently results in loss of the affected part.
○ Treatment ― OTC Drugs
It is very important not to break the blisters on the burned area. Only the serum in the blister should be drained. Take care to prevent gauze or dressings from adhering to the blister and tearing it off.
Cover the burn with a clean bandage to protect the area. If the blisters have already sloughed off, apply a topical antibiotic or silver sulfadiazine 1% cream (Silmazine). Use NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or OTC antihistamines to reduce inflammation and pain.
Topical antibiotics
#Bacitracin
#Silver sulfadiazine 1% cream
Pain reliever
#Ibuprofen
#Naproxen
#Acetaminophen
#OTC antihistamine
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]