Vitiligohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a long‑term skin condition characterized by patches of skin losing their pigment. The affected areas become white and usually have sharp margins. Hair in the affected areas may also turn white. It is more noticeable in people with dark skin. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anemia. It is not contagious. Globally, about 1% of people are affected by vitiligo. About half of cases appear before age 20, and most develop the condition before age 40.

There is no known cure for vitiligo. For individuals with light skin, sunscreen and makeup are typically recommended. Other treatment options may include steroid creams or phototherapy.

○ Treatment
#Phototherapy
#Excimer laser
#Tacrolimus ointment
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  • Non-segmental vitiligo
  • Vitiligo may sometimes be accompanied by white hair.
  • Vitiligo of the fingers is more difficult to treat than other areas. Aside from being cosmetically unsightly, vitiligo is normal and is not contagious. In dermatology, the most effective treatment is phototherapy or laser treatment (excimer) 2-3 times a week for at least 1 year. If you cannot go to the hospital often for financial reasons or because you are busy, you can try a phototherapy machine that is approved for home use.
  • Eyelid vitiligo
  • Vitiligo on hand
References Vitiligo: A Review 32155629
Vitiligo is a common skin disorder that causes patches of white skin due to the loss of melanocytes. Recent research shows it's an autoimmune disease. While it's often seen as a cosmetic issue, it can deeply affect mental well-being and daily life. In 2011, experts classified a type called segmental vitiligo separately from others.
 Advances in vitiligo: Update on therapeutic targets 36119071 
NIH
Current models of treatment for vitiligo are often nonspecific and general. Various therapy options are available for active vitiligo patients, including systemic glucocorticoids, phototherapy, and systemic immunosuppressants. While stable vitiligo patients may benefit from topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, as well as transplantation procedures. Recently, a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes of vitiligo led to the advent of novel targeted therapies. To date, JAK inhibitors are the only category that has been proved to have a good tolerability profile and functional outcomes in vitiligo treatment, even though the risk of activation of latent infection and systemic side effects still existed, like other immunosuppressive agents. Research is in progress to investigate the important cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, including IFN-γ, CXCL10, CXCR3, HSP70i, IL-15, IL-17/23, and TNF, the blockade of which has undergone preliminary attempts in animal models and some patients. In addition, studies on miRNA-based therapeutics as well as adoptive Treg cell therapy are still primary, and more studies are necessary.