Herpes simplex
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Herpes simplex huultel.
Herpes simplex ― Herpes simplex'i infektsioon sõrmedes esineb sagedamini väikelastel kui täiskasvanutel.
References
HSV-1 infektsioon progresseerub epiteelirakkude esmase nakatumise kaudu, millele järgneb latentsus, peamiselt neuronites, ja taasaktivatsioon. HSV-1 põhjustab tavaliselt esmaseid ja korduvaid vesikulaarseid lööbeid, peamiselt suus ja suguelundite limaskestal. Selle ilmingud ulatuvad orolabiaalsest herpesest kuni erinevate seisunditeni, nagu herpeetiline follikuliit, nahainfektsioonid, silmakahjustused ja rasked juhtumid nagu herpesentsefaliit. Viirusevastane ravi aitab hallata HSV-nakkust.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) on laialt levinud nakkus, mis mõjutab umbes 22% 12-aastastest ja vanematest täiskasvanutest, kokku 45 miljonit täiskasvanut Ameerika Ühendriikides. Kuigi HSV-1 põhjustab tavaliselt suuhaavandeid, võib see põhjustada ka suguelundite kahjustusi. Kuid kui patsientidel on suguelundite kahjustused, on HSV-2 tavaliselt peamine probleem. HSV-2 puhangute sümptomid on sageli ebamäärased, nagu suguelundite sügelus ja ärritus, mis võib diagnoosi ja ravi edasi lükata. See viivitus võib põhjustada edasist edasikandumist nakatumata isikutele.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) põhjustab teismelistel ja täiskasvanutel sageli infektsioone, nagu genitaalherpes ja huulevillid. Kui HSV nakatab imikut esimese 4–6 elunädala jooksul, võib see lõppeda raskete tagajärgedega raske haigusega. Vastsündinu HSV-nakkuse kiire diagnoosimine on ülioluline, et peatada haiguse süvenemine, ennetades neuroloogilisi probleeme (isegi surma) .
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex Nakkus on väga levinud ja võib kanduda rasedatelt nende imikutele. See viirus võib vastsündinutel põhjustada tõsiseid terviseprobleeme või isegi surma. Kuigi see on raseduse ajal haruldane, juhtub see sageli sünnituse ajal. Risk on suurim, kui ema nakatub raseduse hilisemates staadiumides. Seda riski saab aga vähendada, kasutades viirusevastaseid ravimeid või valides teatud olukordades C-sektsiooni.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) tüübid 1 ja 2 nakatavad paljusid inimesi kogu maailmas. Tavaliselt jääb viirus pärast naha nakatamist närvirakkudesse vaikseks, kuid võib hiljem uuesti aktiveeruda, põhjustades huuleherpese. Mõnikord põhjustab see vastsündinutel ja nõrga immuunsüsteemiga inimestel tõsiseid probleeme, nagu silmainfektsioonid, ajupõletik või ohtlikud seisundid. Kuigi praegused ravimid aitavad infektsioone kontrolli all hoida, on endiselt murettekitav ravimiresistentsuse ja kõrvaltoimete oht. Vajame uusi ravimeid, et viirust paremini sihtida.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
On kahte tüüpi herpes simplex viirust, tüüp 1 (HSV-1) ja tüüp 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 põhjustab sagedamini suuümbruse infektsioone, samas kui HSV-2 põhjustab sagedamini suguelundite infektsioone. Need edastatakse otsesel kokkupuutel nakatunud isikuga. Genitaalherpes on klassifitseeritud sugulisel teel levivateks infektsioonideks. See võib kanduda lapsele sünnituse ajal. Pärast nakatumist transporditakse viirused piki sensoorseid närve närvirakkude kehadesse, kus nad elavad kogu elu. Kordumise põhjused võivad olla: immuunfunktsiooni langus, stress ja kokkupuude päikesevalgusega.
Enamikul juhtudel võetakse viirusevastaseid ravimeid ainult raskete sümptomite korral. Igapäevaseid viirusevastaseid ravimeid võib määrata inimesele, kellel on väga sagedased infektsioonid. Vaktsiin puudub ja vöötohatise vaktsiin ei hoia ära herpes simplexi. Viirusevastaste ravimite, nagu atsikloviir või valatsükloviir, ravi võib sümptomite raskust vähendada.
Ülemaailmne HSV-1 või HSV-2 esinemissagedus täiskasvanutel on 60–95%. HSV-1 nakatub tavaliselt lapsepõlves. 2003. aasta seisuga oli HSV-2-sse nakatunud hinnanguliselt 536 miljonit inimest kogu maailmas (16% elanikkonnast), sagedamini naiste ja arengumaade seas. Enamik HSV-2-ga inimesi ei saa aru, et nad on nakatunud.
○ Ravi ― OTC ravimid
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