Herpes zoster
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Herpes zoster babak lepoan eta sorbaldan
References
Barizela zoster birusaren biraktibazioaren ondorioz sortu den teilapeak urtero milioi bat pertsona ingururi eragiten dio Estatu Batuetan, eta bizitza osorako %30eko arriskua du. Sistema immunologikoa ahulduta dutenek nabarmen handiagoa dute shingles garatzeko, sintomak normalean ondoeza, buruko mina eta sukar arinarekin hasten dira, eta ondoren, erupzio bat agertu baino egun batzuk lehenago larruazaleko sentsazio ezohikoekin. Erupzio hau, normalean gorputzeko eremu zehatz batean agertzen dena, babak argietatik lurrazaleko zaurietara igarotzen da astebete eta hamar egunetara. Birusen aurkako sendagaiekin (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) tratamendu azkarra erupzioa hasi eta 72 orduko epean funtsezkoa da. Neuralgia postherpetikoa, kaltetutako eremuan luzea den minaren ezaugarri den konplikazio arrunta, bost pazientetik bati eragiten dio eta etengabeko kudeaketa eskatzen du gabapentina, pregabalina edo antidepresibo jakin batzuekin, lidokaina edo kapsaizina bezalako agente topikoekin batera. Barizela zoster birusaren aurkako txertoa gomendatzen da 50 urtetik gorako helduentzat, shingle izateko arriskua murrizteko.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster maizago gertatzen da 50 urtetik gorako pertsonengan, sistema immunologikoa ahulduta dutenengan eta botika immunosupresoreak hartzen dituztenengan. Barizela-zoster birusaren berraktibitateak eragiten du, varicella eragiten duen birus bera. Sukarra, mina eta azkura bezalako sintomak normalean erupzio ezaugarriaren agerpena baino lehen. Konplikaziorik ohikoena post-herpetikoa da, hau da, erupzioa garbitu ondoren nerbio-mina iraunkorra. Herpes zoster-arekin lotutako arrisku-faktoreak eta konplikazioak adinaren, osasun immunologikoaren eta tratamendua hasteko unearen arabera aldatzen dira. 60 urtetik gorako pertsonentzako txertoak herpes zoster eta post-herpetiko neuralgia agerraldia nabarmen murrizten duela frogatu da. Erupzioa hasi eta 72 orduko epean birusen aurkako sendagaiak eta minak aringarriak hastea herpes zoster-aren eta post-herpetiko neuralgiaren larritasuna eta konplikazioak gutxitu ditzake.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Onartu aurretik egindako saiakuntza klinikoek adierazten dute zoster biziaren txertoak % 50 eta 70 artean funtzionatzen duela, eta txerto birkonbinatzaileak, berriz, errendimendu hobea egiten duela, % 90 eta 97 artean. Mundu errealeko ikerketetan, entseguen aurkikuntzak onartzen dituzte, eta erakusten dute bizidun txertoa %46 inguruko eraginkortasuna dela, eta birkonbinatzailea %85 ingurukoa dela.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
Varicella, barizela ere deitua, birusaren hasierako infekziotik sortzen da, normalean haurtzaroan edo nerabezaroan gertatzen dena. Varizela sendatu ondoren, birusa inaktibo (loan) egon daiteke giza nerbio-zeluletan urte edo hamarkadetan, eta ondoren berriro aktibatu daiteke. Herpes zoster barizela birusa lozorroan berriro aktibatzen denean sortzen da. Ondoren, birusa nerbio-gorputzetan zehar bidaiatzen da larruazaleko nerbio-bukaeretara, babak sortuz. Herpes zoster -ren agerraldi batean, herpes zoster anpuluetan aurkitzen den barizela birusaren eraginpean egoteak varicela eragin dezake oraindik izan ez duen norbaiti.
Lotan dagoen birusa berraktibatzeko arrisku-faktoreak zahartzaroa, funtzio immune eskasa eta 18 hilabete baino lehen varicela kontratatu izana dira. Barizela zoster birusa ez da herpes simplex birusaren berdina, nahiz eta biak herpesbirusen familia berekoak izan.
Herpes zoster txertoek herpes zoster izateko arriskua %50-%90 murrizten dute. Neuralgia postherpetikoen tasak ere murrizten ditu, eta, herpes zoster gertatzen bada, haren larritasuna. Herpes zoster garatzen bada, aciclovir bezalako botika antibiralek gaixotasunaren larritasuna eta iraupena murriztu dezakete erupzioa agertu eta 72 orduko epean hasten badira.
○ Tratamendua
Lesioak azkar hedatzen ari badira, jo ezazu zure medikuari ahalik eta azkarren birusen aurkako tratamendurako.
Birusen aurkako sendagaiak eta neuralgia sendagaiak behar dira. Atseden hartu eta alkohola edateari utzi behar diozu.
#Acyclovir
#Fancyclovir
#Valacyclovir
#Gabapentin
#Pregabalin