Melasma
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melasma
☆ Yn 'e 2022 Stiftung Warentest-resultaten út Dútslân wie de konsuminttefredenheid mei ModelDerm mar wat leger dan mei betelle telemedisynkonsultaasjes. 

It is in mienskiplike tastân waarnommen yn Aziatyske froulju yn har iere 40s. De rûne lesion op 'e foto is tichter by lentigo ynstee fan melasma.
relevance score : -100.0%
References
Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Melasma: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review 28374042Tranexamic acid is a novel treatment option for melasma; however, there is no consensus on its use. This systematic review searched major databases for relevant publications to March 2016. Eleven studies with 667 participants were included. Pooled data from tranexamic acid-only observational studies with pre- and post-treatment Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) showed a decrease of 1.60 in MASI after treat?ment with tranexamic acid. The addition of tranexamic acid to routine treatment modalities resulted in a further decrease in MASI of 0.94. These results support the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid, either alone or as an adjuvant to routine treatment modalities for melasma.
The Low-Fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Melasma: A Systematic Review 35888655 NIH
Koartlyn is low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG (LFQSNY) laser populêr wurden foar it behanneljen fan melasma, benammen yn Azië. Ferskate stúdzjes gearfetsje wie útdaagjend, mar LFQSNY liket algemien effektyf en feilich foar melasma yn ferliking mei tradisjonele terapyen. Guon gefallen fan gevlekte hypopigmentaasje binne lykwols rapportearre as in side-effekt fan LFQSNY, mooglik troch hege laser-enerzjy. Agressyf gebrûk fan LFQSNY kin ek liede ta hyperpigmentaasje fan ûntstekking, benammen yn donkere hûdtonen.
Recently, the low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (LFQSNY) has been widely used for treating melasma, especially in Asia. It was hard to summarize the heterogenous studies, but LFQSNY appeared to be a generally effective and safe treatment for melasma considering the results of previous conventional therapies. However, mottled hypopigmentation has been occasionally reported to develop and persist as an adverse event of LFQSNY, which may be associated with the high accumulated laser energy. When used aggressively, even LFQSNY can induce hyperpigmentation via unwanted inflammation, especially in darker skin.
Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnosis and Management 29431372Pigmentaasjeproblemen wurde faak fûn yn 'e primêre soarch. Algemiene soarten hyperpigmentaasje-steuringen omfetsje post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, sunspots, freckles, café au lait spots.
Pigmentation problems are often found in primary care. Common types of hyperpigmentation disorders include post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, sunspots, freckles, café au lait spots.
Melasma kin net oplost wurde mei laserbehanneling foar in bepaalde perioade, om't it in sykte is wêrby't pigment kontinu makke wurdt. Tranxenemic acid helpt te ferbetterjen te ferminderjen de pigmentaasje.
○ Behanneling
Yn guon lannen (bgl. Japan, Korea) is mûnlinge tranexamic acid beskikber oer de teller en is effektyf. De melasma-crème mei tranexamyske sûr en azelainsäure kin foar in part nuttich wêze.
Hydroquinone kin topikaal brûkt wurde foar de behanneling fan hyperpigmentaasje, mar de FDA stoppe de OTC-produkten dy't hydroquinon befetsje fanôf 2020.
#Tranexamic acid [TRANSINO]
#Laser toning technique (low fluence QS1064 laser)
#Triluma