Erythema nodosum - Nodozni Eritem
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Čini se kao bolni eritematozni čvor na nozi.
References
Erythema nodosum je najčešći tip panikulitisa, karakteriziran bolnim crvenim čvorićima koji se uglavnom nalaze na potkoljenicama. Njegov točan uzrok ostaje nepoznat, ali čini se da je rezultat pretjeranog odgovora na različite okidače. Iako je njegovo podrijetlo često nesigurno, ključno je isključiti druga temeljna stanja prije postavljanja dijagnoze primary erythema nodosum. Može ukazivati na pojavu sistemskih bolesti kao što su infekcije, upale, rak ili reakcije na lijekove. Uobičajeni okidači uključuju strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis se odnosi na raznolik skup upalnih stanja koja zahvaćaju masno tkivo ispod kože. Ova stanja su neuobičajena u djece. Panniculitis može biti glavni problem u sustavnom stanju ili sekundarna reakcija na čimbenike poput infekcije, ozljede ili određenih lijekova. Bez obzira na uzrok, većina vrsta panniculitis pokazuje slične simptome, uključujući bolne, crvene kvržice ispod kože.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , upala masnog sloja ispod kože, rijetko je stanje koje se obično manifestira kao natečene kvržice ili mrlje. Erythema nodosum (EN) je najčešći tip, često potaknut različitim čimbenicima. Iako oko 55% slučajeva nema jasan uzrok, uobičajeni okidači uključuju infekcije, lijekove, određene bolesti poput sarkoidoze i upalne bolesti crijeva, trudnoću i rak. EN se obično pojavljuje kod tinejdžera i mladih odraslih osoba, češće kod žena. Često mu prethodi opći osjećaj bolesti koji traje jedan do tri tjedna, sa simptomima poput vrućice i problema s gornjim dišnim putovima. Zatim se pojavljuju crveni čvorići, obično na vanjskim stranama ruku i nogu, koji uzrokuju bol. Točan uzrok EN-a nije u potpunosti razjašnjen, ali se vjeruje da uključuje imunološke komplekse u malim krvnim žilama masnog sloja, što dovodi do upale. Tipično, biopsija pokazuje upalu u masnom sloju bez oštećenja krvnih žila. Čak i bez specifičnog liječenja temeljnog uzroka, EN često nestaje sam od sebe. Dakle, većina pacijenata treba samo potpornu njegu za svoje simptome.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Klinički se dijagnosticira nodozni eritem. Biopsija se može uzeti i pregledati mikroskopski kako bi se potvrdila nesigurna dijagnoza. Potrebno je napraviti RTG prsnog koša kako bi se isključile plućne bolesti, posebice sarkoidoza i tuberkuloza.