Panniculitis - Panikulitis
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References
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis čine heterogenu skupinu upalnih bolesti koje zahvaćaju potkožno masno tkivo. Ovi poremećaji su rijetki u djece. Panikulitis može biti primarni proces u sustavnom poremećaju ili sekundarni proces koji je posljedica infekcije, traume ili izloženosti lijekovima. Većina tipova panikulitisa ima istu kliničku sliku (bez obzira na etiologiju) , s osjetljivim, eritematoznim potkožnim čvorovima.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , upala potkožnog masnog tkiva, obično se manifestira upalnim čvorovima. Erythema nodosum (EN) je klinički najčešći oblik panikulitisa. Dok se do 55% EN smatra idiopatskim, najčešći uzroci uključuju infekcije, lijekove, sistemske bolesti kao što su sarkoidoza i upalna bolest crijeva, trudnoću i maligne bolesti. EN se obično pojavljuje u tinejdžerima i 20-ima, a češće se viđa kod žena. Često joj prethodi nespecifični prodrom od jednog do tri tjedna, koji može uključivati vrućicu, malaksalost i simptome infekcije gornjih dišnih putova. Zatim slijede kožne lezije, obično lokalizirane na ekstenzornoj strani udova. Lezije su bolni zaobljeni ili ovalni, blago uzdignuti, neulcerativni crveni čvorići. Točna patogeneza EN nije poznata, iako se smatra da je rezultat taloženja imunoloških kompleksa u venulama septa u potkožnom masnom tkivu, uzrokujući neutrofilni panikulitis. Čak i bez specifične terapije za uzročno stanje, EN se u većini slučajeva povlači bez liječenja.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
"Erythema nodosum" je oblik panikulitis (panniculitis) kojeg karakteriziraju osjetljivi crveni čvorovi, 1-10 cm, povezani sa sustavnim simptomima uključujući vrućicu, malaksalost i bolove u zglobovima. Noduli se mogu povući u razdoblju od 2-6 tjedana bez stvaranja ulceracija ili ožiljaka. Nodozni eritem povezan je s infekcijama, uključujući hepatitis C, EBV i tuberkulozu, trudnoću, ne-Hodgkinov limfom i rak gušterače.