Porokeratosis - Porokeratozahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porokeratosis
Porokeratoza (Porokeratosis) je rijedak poremećaj keratinizacije. porokeratoza (porokeratosis) karakteriziraju kožne lezije koje počinju kao male, smećkaste papule koje se polagano povećavaju i tvore nepravilne, prstenaste, hiperkeratotične ili bradavičaste lezije.

Često se izvodi biopsija jer može izgledati slično aktiničkoj keratozi ili karcinomu skvamoznih stanica.

☆ U rezultatima Stiftung Warentest iz Njemačke za 2022., zadovoljstvo potrošača s ModelDermom bilo je samo malo niže nego s plaćenim konzultacijama o telemedicini.
  • Karakteristični su tvrdi rubovi koji strše.
    References Porokeratosis 30335323 
    NIH
    Porokeratosis je rijetko stanje kože karakterizirano problemima keratinizacije, što rezultira izdignutim, prstenastim mrljama ili grubim izbočinama na koži. Njegovo definirajuće obilježje pod mikroskopom je prisutnost kornoidne lamele, specifičnog rasporeda stanica u gornjem sloju kože. Porokeratosis dolazi u različitim oblicima, kao što je disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, and linear porokeratosis. Važno je napomenuti da se porokeratosis potencijalno može razviti u rak kože. Najbolji način za dijagnosticiranje porokeratosis je putem biopsije uzdignutog ruba, iako trenutno ne postoji standardni protokol liječenja.
    Porokeratosis is an uncommon dermatologic disorder. It is a disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques with an elevated border. It has a distinct histologic hallmark of cornoid lamella, which is a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells in the upper epidermis. There are multiple clinical variants of porokeratosis, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, and linear porokeratosis. Porokeratosis is a precancerous lesion that can undergo malignant transformation. Evaluation of porokeratosis is best with a biopsy of the elevated border. There are no standard guidelines for treatment.
     Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis 29083728 
    NIH
    Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) je bolest poremećene keratinizacije. To je jedna od šest vrsta porokeratoze i obično zahvaća veća područja u usporedbi s ostalima (linear, Mibelli's, punctate, palmoplantar disseminated, and superficial porokeratosis) . Eruptivni tip porokeratoze često je povezan s rakom, oslabljenim imunitetom ili upalom. Čimbenici rizika uključuju genetiku, slabljenje imuniteta i izlaganje suncu. DSAP počinje kao ružičaste ili smeđe kvržice s podignutim rubovima na područjima izloženim suncu, ponekad uzrokujući lagani svrbež. Tretmani se razlikuju i mogu uključivati ​​lokalne kreme, svjetlosnu terapiju ili lijekove poput 5-fluorouracila ili retinoida. Ove se lezije smatraju prekancerozama, s 7. 5 - 10 % šanse da se pretvore u karcinom pločastih stanica ili bazalnih stanica.
    Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a disease of disordered keratinization. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is one of six variants of porokeratosis. It has more extensive involvement than most other variants. These other variants include linear porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. The eruptive form of porokeratosis is associated with malignancy, immunosuppression, and a proinflammatory state. Risk factors for porokeratosis include genetics, immunosuppression, and ultraviolet light. The lesions in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis start as pink to brown papules and macules with a raised border in sun-exposed areas that can be asymptomatic or slightly pruritic. There are many options for the treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, including topical diclofenac, photodynamic therapy (PDT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, and lasers. These lesions are considered precancerous. There is a 7.5 to 10% risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.
     Porokeratosis of Mibelli - Case reports 33150040 
    NIH
    52-godišnji muškarac, prethodno zdrav, došao je s ravnom, prstenastom mrljom na kraju četvrtog nožnog prsta, koja je bila tamo 2 godine bez ikakvih simptoma. Počelo je kao mala, tvrda kvrga i s vremenom je rasla prema van. Unatoč isprobavanju raznih tretmana kao što su krioterapija, kreme, antifungici i antibiotici, flaster se nije poboljšao. Pomni pregled dermokopijom pokazao je suho, crveno središte s debelim, grubim rubom. Sićušni komadić kože uzet s ruba flastera pokazao je abnormalni rast stanica u vanjskom sloju kože, potvrđujući dijagnozu porokeratosis of Mibelli.
    A 52-year-old man with no past medical history presented with an asymptomatic annular atrophic patch on the distal portion of the fourth toe of 2 years’ duration. The lesion began as a small keratotic papule that gradually enlarged centrifugally. He had received multiple treatments including cryotherapy, topical corticosteroids, antifungals, and antibiotics without improvement. Dermoscopic examination revealed a scaly atrophic erythematous central area with a sharply demarcated peripheral hyperkeratotic structure. A skin biopsy of the edge of the lesion revealed a cornoid lamella with a column of parakeratotic cells extending from an invagination of the epidermis with absence of granular layer. The clinicopathologic correlation was consistent with porokeratosis of Mibelli.