Malignant melanoma - Melanom Malfezan
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Nan rezilta Stiftung Warentest 2022 ki soti nan Almay, satisfaksyon konsomatè yo ak ModelDerm te sèlman yon ti kras pi ba pase ak konsiltasyon telemedsin peye.
Nan rezilta Stiftung Warentest 2022 ki soti nan Almay, satisfaksyon konsomatè yo ak ModelDerm te sèlman yon ti kras pi ba pase ak konsiltasyon telemedsin peye.
Yon melanom ki mezire apeprè 2.5 cm (1 pous) pa 1.5 cm (0.6 pous).
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesYon melanom se yon kalite timè ki fòme lè melanosit vin malfezan. Melanosit yo soti nan krèt neral la. Sa vle di ke melanom ka devlope pa sèlman sou po a, men tou nan lòt kote kote selil krèt neral vwayaje, tankou aparèy gastroentestinal la ak sèvo. Pasyan ki gen melanom etap 0 gen yon pousantaj siviv pou senk ane de 97 %, tandiske moun ki gen maladi etap IV gen yon pousantaj sèlman apeprè 10 %.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) se yon kalite timè po trè danjere ki responsab pou 90 % lanmò ki soti nan kansè po. Pou abòde pwoblèm sa a, ekspè ki soti nan European Dermatology Forum (EDF), European Association of Dermato‑Oncology (EADO) ak European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) te kolabore.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Melanoma, yon kalite kansè sou po, gen yon relasyon sere ak sistèm iminitè a. Sa a parèt klè nan ogmantasyon ensidans lan lakòz moun ki gen sistèm iminitè febli, prezans selil iminitè nan timè orijinal yo ak nan metastaz yo, epi paske sistèm iminitè a ka rekonèt kèk pwoteyin ki prezan nan selil melanoma yo. Enpòtan, tretman ki ranfòse sistèm iminitè a montre pwomès pou konbat melanoma. Malgre ke itilizasyon terapi iminitè‑ranfòse pou trete melanoma avanse se yon devlopman ki resan, rechèch ki sot pase yo montre ke konbinezon terapi sa yo ak chimioterapi, radyoterapi, oswa tretman molekilè vize ka amelyore rezilta yo anpil. Sepandan, imunoterapi sa yo ka deklanche yon seri efè segondè ki gen rapò ak sistèm iminitè a epi ki afekte plizyè ògàn, sa ki ka limite itilizasyon yo. Gade pi devan, apwòch fiti pou trete melanoma avanse ka enplike terapi ki vize pwen iminitè espesifik tankou PD1, oswa dwòg ki entèfere ak chemen molekilè espesifik tankou BRAF ak MEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Kòz prensipal melanom se ekspoze a limyè iltravyolèt nan moun ki gen nivo ki ba melanin (popilasyon blan). Limyè UV a ka soti nan solèy la oswa nan aparèy bwonzaj. Moun ki gen anpil nevus, ki gen yon istwa melanom nan fanmi yo, oswa ki gen fonksyon iminitè febli, yo gen pi gwo risk pou melanom.
Sèvi ak krèm pwotèj kont solèy epi evite limyè UV ka anpeche melanom. Tretman an se souvan retire pa operasyon. Nan moun ki gen kansè ki pi avanse, nœuds lenfatik ki tou pre yo ka evalye pou pwopagasyon (metastaz). Pifò moun geri si metastaz pa fèt. Pou moun ki gen melanom gaye, imunoterapi, terapi byolojik, radyasyon, oswa chimioterapi ka amelyore siviv. Avèk tretman, pousantaj siviv senk ane Ozetazini se 99 % pou moun ki gen maladi ki lokalize, 65 % lè maladi a gaye nan gangliyon lenfatik, ak 25 % pou moun ki gen pwopagasyon lwen.
Melanom se kalite kansè po ki pi danjere. Ostrali ak New Zealand gen pi gwo pousantaj melanom nan mond lan. To segondè melanom rive tou nan Nò Ewòp ak Amerik di Nò. Melanom rive anpil mwens nan pwovens Lazi, Afrik, ak Amerik Latin. Ozetazini, melanom rive apeprè 1.6 fwa pi souvan nan gason pase fanm.
○ Siy ak sentòm
Premye siy melanom yo se chanjman nan fòm oswa koulè nevus ki deja egziste. Nan ka melanom nodilè, li parèt kòm yon nouvo boul sou po a. Nan etap pi avanse, nevi yo ka grate, ilsere, oswa senyen.
[A‑Asymmetry] Asimetri nan fòm
[B‑Borders] Fwontyè (iregilye, ak kwen ki pa regilye)
[C‑Color] Koulè (divèse, iregilye)
[D‑Diameter] Dyamèt (pi gran pase 6 mm = 0.24 pous ≈ gwosè yon gonm kreyon)
[E‑Evolving] Evolisyon sou tan
cf) Keratoz seboreik ka satisfè kèk oswa tout kritè ABCD yo, epi li ka mennen nan fo alam.
Metastaz bonè nan melanom posib, men relativman ra; mwens pase yon senkyèm melanom ki dyagnostike bonè vin metastatik. Metastaz nan sèvo yo komen nan pasyan ki gen melanom metastatik. Melanom metastatik ka pwopaje tou nan fwa, zo, vant, oswa nœuds lenfatik byen lwen.
○ Dyagnostik
Obsèvasyon zòn ki konsène a se metòd ki pi souvan pou sispèk melanom. Nevuz ki iregilye nan koulè oswa fòm souvan konsidere kòm kandida melanom.
Doktè anjeneral egzamine tout mòl, ki gen ladan sa ki gen mwens pase 6 mm dyamèt. Lè li fèt pa espesyalis ki fòme, dèrmoskopi pi itil pou idantifye blesi malfezan pase je toutouni. Dyagnostik final fèt pa byopsi nenpòt blesi po ki montre siy potansyèl kansè.
○ Tretman
#Mohs surgery
Doktè ou ka rekòmande imunoterapi sitou si w gen melanom etap 3 oswa etap 4 ki pa ka retire ak operasyon.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]