Erythema nodosum - Eritema Nodosum
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Tampak sebagai bintil eritematosa yang nyeri di kaki.
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ReferencesErythema nodosum adalah jenis panniculitis yang paling umum, ditandai dengan bintil merah yang menyakitkan, terutama ditemukan pada kaki bagian bawah. Penyebab pastinya belum diketahui, namun tampaknya disebabkan oleh respons berlebihan terhadap berbagai pemicu. Meskipun asal usul penyakit ini sering kali tidak diketahui secara pasti, penting untuk menyingkirkan kondisi mendasar lainnya sebelum mendiagnosis primary erythema nodosum. Hal ini dapat mengindikasikan adanya penyakit sistemik seperti infeksi, peradangan, kanker, atau reaksi terhadap pengobatan. Pemicu umum termasuk strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, dan kehamilan.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis mengacu pada beragam kondisi peradangan yang memengaruhi jaringan lemak di bawah kulit. Kondisi ini jarang terjadi pada anak‑anak. Panniculitis dapat menjadi manifestasi utama pada penyakit sistemik atau muncul sebagai reaksi sekunder terhadap faktor‑faktor seperti infeksi, cedera, atau obat‑obatan tertentu. Apa pun penyebabnya, sebagian besar jenis panniculitis menunjukkan gejala serupa, termasuk bintil merah yang nyeri di bawah kulit.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis, peradangan pada lapisan lemak di bawah kulit, adalah kondisi langka yang biasanya muncul sebagai benjolan atau bercak bengkak. Erythema nodosum (EN) merupakan tipe yang paling umum dan sering dipicu oleh berbagai faktor. Meskipun sekitar 55 % kasus tidak memiliki penyebab yang jelas, pemicu umum penyakit ini meliputi infeksi, obat‑obatan, penyakit tertentu seperti sarkoidosis dan penyakit radang usus, kehamilan, serta kanker. EN biasanya muncul pada remaja dan dewasa muda, dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada wanita. Penyakit ini sering kali diawali dengan rasa sakit umum yang berlangsung satu hingga tiga minggu, disertai demam dan gejala pada saluran pernapasan bagian atas. Kemudian muncul bintil merah, biasanya di sisi luar lengan dan kaki, yang menimbulkan nyeri. Penyebab pasti EN belum sepenuhnya dipahami, namun diyakini melibatkan respons imun pada pembuluh darah kecil di lapisan lemak, sehingga menyebabkan peradangan. Pada biopsi biasanya terlihat peradangan pada lapisan lemak tanpa kerusakan pada pembuluh darah. Bahkan tanpa pengobatan khusus untuk penyebab utama, EN sering kali menghilang dengan sendirinya. Oleh karena itu, sebagian besar pasien hanya memerlukan perawatan suportif untuk mengatasi gejalanya.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Diagnosis Eritema Nodosum biasanya dibuat secara klinis. Jika diagnosis tidak pasti, biopsi dapat dilakukan dan hasilnya diperiksa secara mikroskopis. Pemeriksaan rontgen dada diperlukan untuk menyingkirkan penyakit paru, terutama sarkoidosis dan tuberkulosis.