Syphilis - Sipilis
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Chancres ― infeksi sifilis primer oleh Treponema pallidum
References
Sifilis adalah penyakit menular seksual yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Treponema pallidum. Dalam penelitian ini, kami fokus pada 57 pasien berusia 18-68 tahun yang menderita sifilis sekunder.
Venereal syphilis is a multi-stage, sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum (Tp). Herein we describe a cohort of 57 patients (age 18-68 years) with secondary syphilis (SS) identified through a network of public sector primary health care providers in Cali, Colombia.
Venereal syphilis is a multi-stage, sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum (Tp). Herein we describe a cohort of 57 patients (age 18-68 years) with secondary syphilis (SS) identified through a network of public sector primary health care providers in Cali, Colombia.
Sifilis adalah infeksi bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Treponema pallidum. Ia dapat meniru berbagai penyakit, sehingga mendapat julukan great imitator. Sifilis masih menyerang jutaan orang di seluruh dunia tetapi dapat diobati secara efektif dengan penisilin.
Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been named the “great imitator and mimicker.” Syphilis remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Luckily, the causative organism is still sensitive to penicillin.
Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been named the “great imitator and mimicker.” Syphilis remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Luckily, the causative organism is still sensitive to penicillin.
Treponema pallidum Menyebabkan penyakit sipilis melalui hubungan seksual atau dari ibu ke bayinya selama kehamilan. Meskipun ada tes sederhana untuk mendiagnosisnya dan pengobatan dengan satu suntikan penisilin jangka panjang berhasil dengan baik, sifilis kembali menjadi masalah besar di seluruh dunia. Hal ini terutama terjadi di kalangan laki-laki yang berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) di negara-negara dengan pendapatan tinggi dan menengah. Meskipun beberapa negara berpendapatan rendah telah memenuhi tujuan WHO untuk menghentikan penularan sifilis dari ibu ke bayi, terdapat peningkatan yang mengkhawatirkan dalam kasus sifilis di kalangan LSL yang HIV-positif.
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) causes syphilis via sexual exposure or via vertical transmission during pregnancy. Despite the availability of simple diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of treatment with a single dose of long-acting penicillin, syphilis is re-emerging as a global public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income and middle-income countries. Although several low-income countries have achieved WHO targets for the elimination of congenital syphilis, an alarming increase in the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected MSM serves as a strong reminder of the tenacity of T. pallidum as a pathogen.
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) causes syphilis via sexual exposure or via vertical transmission during pregnancy. Despite the availability of simple diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of treatment with a single dose of long-acting penicillin, syphilis is re-emerging as a global public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income and middle-income countries. Although several low-income countries have achieved WHO targets for the elimination of congenital syphilis, an alarming increase in the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected MSM serves as a strong reminder of the tenacity of T. pallidum as a pathogen.
(1) Pembesaran Hati: Hal ini sering ditemukan dan mungkin terjadi bersamaan dengan pembesaran limpa. Memeriksa biopsi hati di bawah mikroskop darkfield dapat mengungkapkan keberadaan spirochete. Tes fungsi hati mungkin menunjukkan kelainan. (2) Kulit Menguning (Jaundice) : Apakah seseorang menunjukkan penyakit kuning tergantung pada seberapa besar kerusakan pada hati. (3) Hidung Beringus: Seringkali merupakan salah satu tanda pertama, biasanya dalam minggu pertama setelah kelahiran. (4) Pembengkakan Kelenjar Getah Bening: Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening secara umum, biasanya tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit, juga sering terjadi. (5) Ruam Kulit: Ruam biasanya muncul satu hingga dua minggu setelah pilek. Anda mungkin melihat bintik-bintik kecil berwarna merah atau merah muda di punggung, bokong, paha, dan telapak kaki. Ruam ini bisa berkembang menjadi mengelupas dan mengeras.
(1) Hepatomegaly: This is the most common finding and may occur with splenomegaly. Biopsy of the liver followed by darkfield microscopy may reveal the spirochete. Liver function tests may be abnormal. (2) Jaundice: Jaundice may or may not be present depending on the extent of liver injury. (3) Rhinitis: One of the first clinical presentations, usually in the first week of life. Copious, persistent white discharge is noted, which contains spirochetes that can be visualized under darkfield microscopy. (4) Generalized Lymphadenopathy: Generalized, non-tender lymphadenopathy is also a common finding. (5) Rash: Rash usually appears one to two weeks after rhinitis. Small red or pink colored maculopapular lesions may be commonly seen on the back, buttocks, posterior thigh and soles of the feet. The rash progresses to desquamation and crusting.
(1) Hepatomegaly: This is the most common finding and may occur with splenomegaly. Biopsy of the liver followed by darkfield microscopy may reveal the spirochete. Liver function tests may be abnormal. (2) Jaundice: Jaundice may or may not be present depending on the extent of liver injury. (3) Rhinitis: One of the first clinical presentations, usually in the first week of life. Copious, persistent white discharge is noted, which contains spirochetes that can be visualized under darkfield microscopy. (4) Generalized Lymphadenopathy: Generalized, non-tender lymphadenopathy is also a common finding. (5) Rash: Rash usually appears one to two weeks after rhinitis. Small red or pink colored maculopapular lesions may be commonly seen on the back, buttocks, posterior thigh and soles of the feet. The rash progresses to desquamation and crusting.
○ Diagnosis dan Pengobatan
VDRL dan RPR dapat digunakan untuk memastikan infeksi baru-baru ini dan menyaring sifilis. Tes FTA-ABS merupakan tes yang lebih spesifik dan dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa riwayat infeksi sebelumnya. Penisilin digunakan untuk mengobati sifilis.