ABNOMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hori's_nevus
ABNOM bụ ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ nke ejiri ọtụtụ aja aja-isi awọ ruo agba aja aja-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke kachasị na mpaghara ihu. Ọ nwekwara ike ime n'otu oge na ọrịa akpụkpọ anụ ndị ọzọ dị ka melasma, freckles, multiple lentigines na Ota's nevus. Naanị obere mgbanwe ka a na-ahụ n'ebe gbara ọchịchịrị a, ebe melasma na-agba ọchịchịrị ma na-adịkwa ọkụ ka mmepụta pigmenti na-aga n'ihu na mbelata.

Ọgwụgwọ
Ndị na-acha ọcha anaghị enyere aka. N'adịghị ka melasma, ABNOM nwere ike imeziwanye ya na ọgwụgwọ laser wee hapụ ka ewepụ ya na-enweghị nlọghachi. Enwere ike ịme ọgwụgwọ laser ugboro 10 ruo 20 iji gwọọ ABNOM.
#QS1064 laser
☆ Na nsonaazụ Stiftung Warentest nke 2022 sitere na Germany, afọ ojuju ndị ahịa na ModelDerm dị ntakịrị ntakịrị karịa na nyocha telemedicine akwụ ụgwọ.
      References High-fluence 1064nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment for ectopic Mongolian spot 37781886
      A maara laser Q-switched Nd:YAG ka ọ na-agwọ nevus nke Ota na ọnọdụ ndị yiri ya nke ọma. Anyị mere ọmụmụ ihe iji hụ ka laser high-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG si arụ ọrụ na ntụpọ Mongolian n'ebe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-emeghị ka akpụkpọ ahụ gbazee. Anyị mụrụ ndị ọrịa 61 nwere ntụpọ ndị a, na-enyocha ngụkọta nke ọnya 70. A na-eji laser gwọọ ọkara nke ọnya, ebe a na-ahapụ ndị ọzọ n'enweghị ọgwụgwọ maka ntụnyere. Anyị nyochara nsonaazụ ya site na iji nha na ngwaọrụ akpọrọ Mexameter® iji tụọ ọkwa melanin. A na-agbaso ndị ọrịa maka nkezi nke ọnwa 14 n'ime otu ọgwụgwọ na ọnwa 18 na otu nleba anya. Na njedebe nke ọmụmụ ahụ, anyị hụrụ ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu na ọkwa nke melanin n'etiti ndị a na-agwọ ọrịa na ndị a na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa, na otu ndị a na-agwọ laser na-egosi ihe ka mma. Laser high-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG , na-emeghị ka akpụkpọ ahụ na-enwu gbaa, gosipụtara na ọ dị mma yana nchekwa maka ịgwọ ntụpọ Mongolian ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe.
      The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is known to effectively treat nevus of Ota and similar conditions. We conducted a study to see how well a high-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser worked on Mongolian spots in unusual areas, without causing the skin to lighten. We studied 61 patients with these spots, examining a total of 70 lesions. Half of lesions were treated with the laser, while others were left untreated for comparison. We evaluated the results using a scale and a device called a Mexameter® to measure melanin levels. Patients were followed up for an average of 14 months in the treatment group and 18 months in the observation group. At the end of the study, we found significant differences in the scale scores and melanin levels between the treated and untreated groups, with the laser-treated group showing better outcomes. The high-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, without causing skin lightening, proved effective and safe for treating these unusual Mongolian spots.
       A retrospective study of 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser therapy for acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules 36973977 
      NIH
      Anyị mụrụ uru na nchekwa nke iji ọgwụgwọ laser akọwapụtara maka ABNOM , wee lelee ihe ndị nwere ike imetụta etu ọ si arụ ọrụ. Anyị lere ndị ọrịa 110 nwere ABNOM wee banye n'etiti ọgwụgwọ laser abụọ na itoolu. Anyị chọpụtara na ọgwụgwọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ka a na-eme ya, mana ọ bụghị nke ọma na ndị ọrịa meworo agadi. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ọma na ndị ọrịa nwere akpụkpọ anụ ọkụ (ụdị III) na mpaghara ndị dị ntakịrị emetụta (ihe na-erughị 10 cm2) . Inwe melasma yana ABNOM mere ka ọgwụgwọ ahụ ghara ịdị irè. Agba ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mpaghara emetụtara eyighị ka ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla. Ihe dị ka 10% nke ndị ọrịa nwetara ntụpọ gbara ọchịchịrị ka a gwọchara ha. Ọgwụgwọ ọtụtụ oge mbụ nyere nsonaazụ dị mma. Ndị ọrịa meworo agadi nwere akpụkpọ ahụ gbara ọchịchịrị na ntụpọ gbara ọchịchịrị na-enwekarị ntụpọ ojii ka a gwọchara ya. Maka ndị ọrịa nwere ABNOM na melasma, ọ ka mma iji laser ike dị ala iji zere ime ka melasma ka njọ.
      To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) therapy for ABNOM and to identify the factors influencing the outcome. A total of 110 patients with ABNOM were retrospectively evaluated and received two-to-nine treatment sessions. The curative effect was positively correlated with the treatment time and negatively correlated with the increasing age at first treatment (p < 0.05). The curative effect was better in patients with skin type III than those with type IV ( p < 0.05) and in patients with a lesion area of less than 10 cm2 than those with a larger affected area (p < 0.05). Additionally, the treatment effect was poorer in patients with concomitant melasma (p < 0.05). The treatment effect was not significantly correlated with the lesion color or number of affected sites (p > 0.05). Eleven patients (10%) developed postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Early and repeated QSNYL therapy achieved satisfactory results for ABNOM. The risk of PIH after laser treatment is highest among patients with older age, darker lesion color, and darker skin color. For patients with ABNOM with concurrent melasma, low-energy laser therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of melasma aggravation.