Acanthosis nigricanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans bụ akara ahụike nke na-egosipụta nchara na-acha odo odo, nke a na-akọwa dị ka velvety hyperpigmentation nke akpụkpọ ahụ. A na-ahụkarị ya n’akụkụ dị ka mpịaji azụ, mpụta nke olu, ogwe aka, ukwu, otubo, ọkpọiso, na ebe ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa endocrine, karịsịa mgbaàmà insulin resistance na hyperinsulinemia, dịka a na-ahụ na ọrịa shuga mellitus.

Ihe kpatara
Ọ na-emekarị n’ime ndị na-erubeghị afọ 40, nwere ike ịnata ya site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma jikọta ya na ibu arọ ma ọ bụ endocrinopathy, dịka hypothyroidism, acromegaly, polycystic ovary syndrome, ọrịa shuga insulin‑resistant, ma ọ bụ ọrịa Cushing.

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  • Ọ na-adịkarị n’ime ndị buru ibu.
  • Agba agba ojii, wrinkles, na ogwe aka abụọ nwere ike igosi Acanthosis nigricans.
References Acanthosis Nigricans 28613711 
NIH
Acanthosis nigricans bụ ngosipụta akpụkpọ anụ nke ọnọdụ dị n'okpuru. Ọ na-apụtakarị n'akụkụ akpụkpọ anụ dịka olu, ogwe aka, na ukwu, ma na-adị ka patches gbara ọchịchịrị, velvety, nwere akụkụ edoghị anya. A na-ejikọkarị ọnọdụ a na ọrịa shuga na nguzogide insulin, mana n'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọ nwere ike igosi ọrịa kansa n'ime ahụ. O nwekwara ike ịpụta n'ihi nsogbu homonụ ma ọ bụ site n'ịṅụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ dịka steroid na ọgwụ mgbochi ịmụ nwa.
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous manifestation of an underlying condition. It usually develops in skin folds, such as the back of the neck, axilla, and groin, where it presents as velvety hyper-pigmented patches with poorly defined borders. Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with diabetes and insulin resistance, but rarely it can be a sign of internal malignancy. It can also occur with hormone disorders or with the use of certain medications like systemic glucocorticoids and oral contraceptives.
 Current treatment options for acanthosis nigricans 30122971 
NIH
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) bụ ọnọdụ akpụkpọ anụ jikọtara ya na nsogbu ahụike dị iche iche dịka mgbaàmà insulin, ọrịa shuga, oke ibu, ụfọdụ ọrịa kansa, nsogbu hormonal, na mmeghachi omume ọgwụ. Ịgwọ AN na-elekwasị anya n'ịgbasa nsogbu ahụike kpatara ya. N’ịbụ mbụ, ndị dọkịta na-enyocha ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa na-egbochi insulin, gụnyere oke ibu, cholesterol dị elu, ọbara mgbali elu, na ọrịa shuga ụdị 2. Ndị dọkịta na-edekarị topical retinoids dị ka nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ mbụ, nke nwere ike inye aka n'ịgbatị akpụkpọ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ike ọ gaghị agbanwe agbachi akpụkpọ ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ (salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, calcipotriol) na-achọkwa ngwa ugboro ugboro.
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common dermatologic manifestation of systemic disease that is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, internal malignancy, endocrine disorders, and drug reactions. Treatment of AN primarily focuses on resolution of the underlying disease processes causing the velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques found on the skin. Initial considerations for the AN workup include evaluating patients for insulin resistance syndrome characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II. For cosmetic treatment, topical retinoids are considered the first-line therapy for insulin-resistant AN by modifying keratinization rate. However, topical tretinoin requires application for long durations and improves hyperkeratosis, but not hyperpigmentation. Topical salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, and calcipotriol also require frequent application, while TCA peels may provide a faster and less time-intense burden.