Erythema nodosum - Eritema Nodoso
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Si presenta come un nodulo eritematoso doloroso sulla gamba.
References
Erythema nodosum è il tipo più comune di pannicolite, caratterizzato da noduli rossi dolorosi, presenti principalmente nella parte inferiore delle gambe. La sua causa esatta rimane sconosciuta, ma sembra derivare da una risposta esagerata a vari fattori scatenanti. Sebbene la sua origine sia spesso incerta, è essenziale escludere altre condizioni sottostanti prima di diagnosticare primary erythema nodosum. Può indicare l’insorgenza di malattie sistemiche come infezioni, infiammazioni, cancro o reazioni ai farmaci. I trigger comuni includono strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis si riferisce a una serie diversificata di condizioni infiammatorie che colpiscono il tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo. Queste condizioni sono rare nei bambini. Panniculitis può essere il problema principale di una condizione sistemica o una reazione secondaria a fattori come infezioni, lesioni o determinati farmaci. Indipendentemente dalla causa, la maggior parte dei tipi di panniculitis mostra sintomi simili, inclusi noduli rossi e dolorosi sotto la pelle.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , un'infiammazione dello strato di grasso sotto la pelle, è una condizione rara che di solito si manifesta sotto forma di noduli o chiazze gonfie. Erythema nodosum (EN) è il tipo più comune, spesso innescato da vari fattori. Sebbene circa il 55% dei casi non abbia una causa chiara, i fattori scatenanti più comuni includono infezioni, farmaci, alcune malattie come la sarcoidosi e le malattie infiammatorie intestinali, la gravidanza e il cancro. La EN di solito appare negli adolescenti e nei giovani adulti, più spesso nelle donne. È spesso preceduto da una sensazione generale di malessere che dura da una a tre settimane, con sintomi come febbre e problemi alle vie respiratorie superiori. Successivamente compaiono noduli rossi, solitamente sui lati esterni delle braccia e delle gambe, che causano dolore. La causa esatta della EN non è del tutto nota, ma si ritiene che coinvolga gli immunocomplessi nei piccoli vasi sanguigni dello strato di grasso, portando all'infiammazione. In genere, una biopsia mostra un'infiammazione nello strato di grasso senza danni ai vasi sanguigni. Anche senza un trattamento specifico per la causa sottostante, la EN spesso si risolve da sola. Pertanto, la maggior parte dei pazienti necessita solo di cure di supporto per i sintomi.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
L'eritema nodoso viene diagnosticato clinicamente. Una biopsia può essere eseguita ed esaminata al microscopio per confermare una diagnosi incerta. Dovrebbe essere eseguita una radiografia del torace per escludere malattie polmonari, in particolare sarcoidosi e tubercolosi.