Herpes simplex - 単純ヘルペス
唇の単純ヘルペス。
単純ヘルペス (Herpes simplex) ― 指の単純ヘルペス感染症は、成人よりも幼児に多く見られます。
References
HSV-1 感染は、上皮細胞の一次感染、その後の主にニューロンでの潜伏、および再活性化を経て進行します。 HSV-1 は通常、主に口や生殖器の粘膜に初期および再発性の水疱性発疹を引き起こします。その症状は、口唇ヘルペスから、ヘルペス性毛嚢炎、皮膚感染症、眼病変、ヘルペス脳炎などの重篤な症状などのさまざまな症状まで多岐にわたります。抗ウイルス療法は HSV 感染の管理に役立ちます。
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) は広範囲にわたる感染症であり、米国の 12 歳以上の成人の約 22%、合計 4,500 万人が罹患しています。 HSV-1 は通常、口内炎を引き起こしますが、生殖器病変を引き起こす可能性もあります。しかし、患者に生殖器病変がある場合、通常は HSV-2 が主な懸念事項となります。 HSV-2 の流行の症状は、性器のかゆみや刺激などのあいまいなことが多く、診断や治療が遅れる可能性があります。この遅れにより、感染していない人への感染がさらに拡大する可能性があります。
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) は一般に、十代の若者や成人に性器ヘルペスや口唇ヘルペスなどの感染症を引き起こします。 HSV が生後 4 ～ 6 週間以内の乳児に感染すると、重大な結果を伴う重篤な疾患を引き起こす可能性があります。新生児 HSV 感染症を迅速に診断することは、病気の悪化を阻止し、神経学的問題 (死亡さえも) を防ぐために非常に重要です。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex 感染は非常に一般的であり、妊婦から赤ちゃんに感染する可能性があります。このウイルスは深刻な健康問題を引き起こしたり、新生児に死亡を引き起こす可能性があります。妊娠中はまれですが、出産時にはよく起こります。母親が妊娠後期に感染した場合、リスクが最も高くなります。ただし、このリスクは、抗ウイルス薬を使用したり、特定の状況で帝王切開を選択したりすることで軽減できます。
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 型と 2 型は世界中の多くの人に感染します。通常、ウイルスは皮膚に感染した後は神経細胞内で静かに留まりますが、後で再活性化して口唇ヘルペスを引き起こす可能性があります。場合によっては、眼の感染症、脳の炎症、新生児や免疫力の弱い人々の危険な状態などの重篤な問題を引き起こすことがあります。現在の医薬品は感染症の抑制に役立ちますが、薬剤耐性と副作用のリスクが依然として懸念されています。ウイルスをより効果的に攻撃するための新薬が必要です。
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
単純ヘルペス (herpes simplex) ウイルスには、1 型 (HSV-1) と 2 型 (HSV-2) の 2 つのタイプがあります。 HSV-1 は口の周囲に感染症を引き起こすことが多く、HSV-2 は性器感染症を引き起こすことがより一般的です。それらは感染者との直接接触によって伝染します。性器ヘルペスは性感染症として分類されます。出産時に乳児に感染する可能性があります。感染後、ウイルスは感覚神経に沿って神経細胞体に輸送され、そこで生涯生存します。再発の原因としては、免疫機能の低下、ストレス、日光への曝露などが考えられます。
ほとんどの場合、抗ウイルス薬は症状が重篤な場合にのみ使用されます。感染症が頻繁に起こる人には、毎日の抗ウイルス薬が処方される場合があります。利用可能なワクチンはなく、帯状疱疹ワクチンは単純ヘルペスを予防しません。アシクロビルやバラシクロビルなどの抗ウイルス薬による治療により、症状の重症度を軽減できます。
HSV-1 または HSV-2 の世界的な感染率は成人で 60% ～ 95% です。 HSV-1 は通常、小児期に感染します。 2003 年の時点で、世界中で推定 5 億 3,600 万人 (人口の 16%) が HSV-2 に感染しており、女性と発展途上国の人々の間でその感染率が高くなっています。 HSV-2 感染者のほとんどは、自分が感染していることに気づいていません。
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水ぶくれがある間は、子供にキスするなどの物理的な接触は避けてください。接触すると他の人に感染が広がる可能性があります。お酒は飲まずに休んだほうがいいよ。
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