詳しくは ― 日本人

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) は、米国で basal cell carcinoma に次いで 2 番目に多い皮膚がんです。通常、 actinic keratosis と呼ばれる前がん病変から始まり、体の他の部分に広がる可能性があります。主な原因は、時間の経過とともに蓄積される太陽からの紫外線（UV）放射への曝露です。治療には通常、特に頭頸部の SCC の場合、外科的除去が含まれます。放射線療法は、高齢の患者や手術ができない患者にとっての選択肢です。免疫抑制は SCC のリスクを高めます。まれではありますが、SCC は、特に免疫力が低下している患者で広がる可能性があります。 SCC 患者にとっては、定期的な検査と日焼け止めが重要です。
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer in the United States, behind basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma has precursor lesions called actinic keratosis, exhibits tumor progression and has the potential to metastasize in the body. Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is the primary risk factor in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the cumulative exposure received over a lifetime plays a major part in the development of this cancer. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with Mohs micrographic surgery being the preferred excisional technique for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and in other areas of high risk or squamous cell carcinoma with high-risk characteristics. Radiation therapy is reserved for squamous cell carcinoma in older patients or those who will not tolerate surgery, or when it has not been possible to obtain clear margins surgically. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly after surgical treatment in very high tumors. Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma over the course of an individual’s life. Metastasis is uncommon for squamous cell carcinomas arising in areas of chronic sun exposure, but it can take place, and the risk is increased in immunosuppressed patients. Patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma should be examined regularly and remember to use measures to protect from UV damage.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) は人々に 2 番目に多いがんであり、その数は増加傾向にあります。 CSCC は通常、良性の臨床症状を示しますが、局所的および体の他の部分の両方に広がる可能性があります。科学者たちは、CSCCの発症に関与する特定の経路を特定し、新しい治療法につながりました。免疫抑制患者における突然変異の数の多さとリスクの増加により、免疫療法の開発が促進されています。このレビューでは、CSCC の遺伝的ルーツと、特定の分子と免疫系を標的とした最新の治療法について考察します。
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and its incidence continues to rise. Although CSCC usually display a benign clinical behavior, it can be both locally invasive and metastatic. The signaling pathways involved in CSCC development have given rise to targetable molecules in recent decades. In addition, the high mutational burden and increased risk of CSCC in patients under immunosuppression were part of the rationale for developing the immunotherapy for CSCC that has changed the therapeutic landscape. This review focuses on the molecular basis of CSCC and the current biology-based approaches of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors