Keloidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keloid
Keloid minangka asil saka overgrowth jaringan granulasi (kolagen tipe 3) ing situs tatu kulit waras. Keloid yaiku lesi sing kuwat, karet utawa nodul fibrosa sing mengkilat, lan bisa beda-beda saka jambon nganti werna kulit utawa werna abang nganti coklat peteng. Keloid ora nular, nanging kadhangkala diiringi gatel abot, rasa nyeri kaya jarum, lan owah-owahan ing tekstur. Ing kasus sing abot, bisa mengaruhi gerakan kulit. Keloid beda karo bekas luka hipertrofik, yaiku bekas luka sing ora tuwuh ngluwihi wates tatu asli.

Bekas keloid katon luwih kerep ing wong keturunan Afrika, Asia, utawa Hispanik. Wong umur 10 nganti 30 taun luwih cenderung ngalami keloid tinimbang wong tuwa.

Sanajan biasane kedadeyan ing situs cedera, keloid uga bisa muncul kanthi spontan. Bisa dumadi ing situs tindikan lan malah saka soko prasaja kaya pimple utawa scratch. Keloid uga bisa muncul minangka akibat saka kukul abot, parut cacar air, infeksi ing situs tatu, trauma bola-bali menyang area, ketegangan kulit sing gedhe banget nalika nutup tatu, utawa awak manca ing tatu.

Keloid bisa berkembang sawise operasi. Luwih umum ing sawetara situs, kayata dada tengah (saka sternotomi), punggung lan pundhak (biasane amarga kukul), lan cuping kuping (saka tindikan kuping). Bisa uga dumadi ing tindikan awak. Titik sing paling umum yaiku cuping kuping, lengen, wilayah pelvis, lan balung krah.

Pangobatan sing kasedhiya antara liya terapi tekanan, lembaran gel silikon, triamcinolone acetonide intra‑lesional, cryosurgery, radiasi, terapi laser, interferon, 5‑FU, lan eksisi bedah.

Pengobatan
Bekas hipertrofik bisa diatasi kanthi 5 nganti 10 injeksi steroid intralesional kanthi interval 1 sasi.
#Triamcinolone intralesional injection

Pengobatan laser uga bisa dicoba kanggo eritema sing ana gandhengane karo jaringan parut, nanging injeksi triamcinolone uga bisa nambah eritema kanthi ngratakake bekas luka.
#Dye laser (e.g. V‑beam)
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  • Keloid pasca operasi ing bangkekan sing diobati nganggo injeksi intralesi triamcinolone. Area eritema ing sisih kiwa yaiku area sing diobati.
  • Keloid Linear. Nalika kedadeyan ing sisih ndhuwur awak, asring katon kanthi wujud linear.
  • Keloid hiperinflamasi bisa katon ing antarane dada lan uga bisa diiringi rasa gatal lan nyeri entheng.
  • Keloid auricular posterior
  • Keloid umbilical bisa berkembang sawise operasi endoskopik.
  • Keloid ing sisih ngarep dhadha asring nduwé wangun linear horisontal.
  • Keloid ing tlapak sikil bisa dadi ora nyaman kanggo mlaku. Injeksi steroid intralesi biasane ditindakake kaping pirang-pirang.
  • Keloid Papule: biasane kedadeyan sawisé folliculitis ing dada.
  • Nodular keloid. Wilayah pundhak lan lengan ndhuwur minangka situs umum kanggo pembentukan keloid.
  • Keloid biasane muncul ing dhadha.
  • Keloid kuping (Earlobe Keloid)
  • Area dagu uga kerep dadi situs keloid, lan asring muncul ing wilayah sing ana kukul.
  • Keloid biasane diamati ing lengen ndhuwur.
  • Manifestasi khas saka keloid ing dada.
  • Guttate keloid asring disebabake dening folikulitis.
References Keloid 29939676 
NIH
Keloid dibentuk amarga proses penyembuhan sing ora biasa sawise tatu utawa inflamasi kulit. Faktor genetik lan lingkungan nyumbang marang pangembangane, kanthi tingkat sing luwih dhuwur ing wong sing kulité luwih peteng saka keturunan Afrika, Asia, lan Hispanik. Keloid dumadi nalika fibroblas dadi aktif banget, ngasilake kolagen lan faktor pertumbuhan sing berlebihan. Iki nyebabake pambentukan bundel kolagen sing gedhé lan ora normal, sing dikenal minangka kolagen keloid, bebarengan karo peningkatan fibroblast. Secara klinis, keloid katon minangka nodul karet sing keras ing wilayah sing sadurunge tatu. Ora kaya bekas luka normal, keloid ngluwihi situs trauma asli. Pasien bisa ngalami nyeri, gatel, utawa rasa kobong. Ana macem‑macem perawatan, kalebu injeksi steroid, cryotherapy, operasi, radioterapi, lan terapi laser.
Keloids result from abnormal wound healing in response to skin trauma or inflammation. Keloid development rests on genetic and environmental factors. Higher incidences are seen in darker skinned individuals of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent. Overactive fibroblasts producing high amounts of collagen and growth factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of keloids. As a result, classic histologic findings demonstrate large, abnormal, hyalinized bundles of collagen referred to as keloidal collagen and numerous fibroblasts. Keloids present clinically as firm, rubbery nodules in an area of prior injury to the skin. In contrast to normal or hypertrophic scars, keloidal tissue extends beyond the initial site of trauma. Patients may complain of pain, itching, or burning. Multiple treatment modalities exist although none are uniformly successful. The most common treatments include intralesional or topical steroids, cryotherapy, surgical excision, radiotherapy, and laser therapy.
 Keloid treatments: an evidence-based systematic review of recent advances 36918908 
NIH
Panaliten saiki nuduhake yèn gel silikon utawa lembaran silikon bebarengan karo injeksi kortikosteroid minangka perawatan awal sing disenengi kanggo keloid. Pangobatan tambahan kayata intralesi 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin, utawa verapamil uga bisa dipertimbangaké, sanajan efektivitase béda‑béda. Terapi laser, nalika digabungaké karo injeksi kortikosteroid utawa steroid topikal ing occlusion, bisa nambah penetrasi obat. Kanggo keloid recalcitrant, eksisi lan terapi radiasi langsung wis kabukten efektif. Pungkasan, panggunaan lembaran silikon lan terapi tekanan wis kabukten bisa nyuda kemungkinan kambuhé keloid.
Current literature supports silicone gel or sheeting with corticosteroid injections as first-line therapy for keloids. Adjuvant intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin, or verapamil can be considered, although mixed results have been reported with each. Laser therapy can be used in combination with intralesional corticosteroids or topical steroids with occlusion to improve drug penetration. Excision of keloids with immediate post-excision radiation therapy is an effective option for recalcitrant lesions. Finally, silicone sheeting and pressure therapy have evidence for reducing keloid recurrence.
 Keloids: a review of therapeutic management 32905614 
NIH
Saiki, ora ana perawatan siji-ukuran-cocok-kabeh sing njamin tingkat kambuh sing terus-terusan kanggo keloids. Nanging, akeh opsi, kayata nggunakake laser bebarengan karo steroid utawa nggabungake 5-fluorouracil karo steroid, sing wis nuduhake janji. Panaliten ing mangsa ngarep bisa fokus ing cara perawatan anyar, kayata grafting lemak autologous utawa terapi adhedhasar sel stem, sing bisa digunakake kanggo ngatur keloid.
There continues to be no gold standard of treatment that provides a consistently low recurrence rate; however the increasing number of available treatments and synergistic combinations of these treatments (i.e., laser-based devices in combination with intralesional steroids, or 5-fluorouracil in combination with steroid therapy) is showing favorable results. Future studies could target the efficacy of novel treatment modalities (i.e., autologous fat grafting or stem cell-based therapies) for keloid management.
 Scar Revision 31194458 
NIH
Bekas luka minangka bagéan umum saka proses penyembuhan sawise ciloko kulit. Sawisé kuwi, parut kudu rata, tipis, lan cocog karo warna kulit. Akeh faktor sing bisa nyebabaké penyembuhan tatu sing ora apik, kayata infeksi, suda aliran getih, iskemia, lan trauma. Parut sing kandel, luwih peteng tinimbang kulit ing sakubenge, utawa nyusut banget bisa nyebabaké masalah sing signifikan ing fungsi fisik lan kesehatan emosional.
Scars are a natural and normal part of healing following an injury to the integumentary system. Ideally, scars should be flat, narrow, and color-matched. Several factors can contribute to poor wound healing. These include but are not limited to infection, poor blood flow, ischemia, and trauma. Proliferative, hyperpigmented, or contracted scars can cause serious problems with both function and emotional well-being.