ຂໍ້ມູນເພີ່ມເຕີມ ― Lao

Vitiligo ແມ່ນພະຍາດຜິວໜັງທົ່ວໄປທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດເປັນຈຸດດ່າງ ດຳ ຂອງຜິວ ໜັງ ເນື່ອງຈາກການສູນເສຍເມັດສີ melanocytes. ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າທີ່ຜ່ານມາສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າມັນເປັນພະຍາດ autoimmune. ໃນຂະນະທີ່ມັນມັກຈະຖືກເຫັນວ່າເປັນບັນຫາເຄື່ອງສໍາອາງ, ມັນສາມາດສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ສຸຂະພາບຈິດແລະຊີວິດປະຈໍາວັນຢ່າງເລິກເຊິ່ງ. ໃນປີ 2011, ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານໄດ້ຈັດປະເພດປະເພດທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ segmental vitiligo ແຍກຕ່າງຫາກຈາກຄົນອື່ນ.
Vitiligo is a common skin disorder that causes patches of white skin due to the loss of melanocytes. Recent research shows it's an autoimmune disease. While it's often seen as a cosmetic issue, it can deeply affect mental well-being and daily life. In 2011, experts classified a type called segmental vitiligo separately from others.

ຄົນເຈັບ vitiligo ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວມີຫຼາຍທາງເລືອກໃນການປິ່ນປົວ, ເຊັ່ນ: glucocorticoids ລະບົບ, phototherapy, ແລະລະບົບພູມຕ້ານທານ. ຄົນເຈັບ vitiligo ຄົງທີ່ອາດຈະຊອກຫາການບັນເທົາທຸກຈາກ corticosteroids ສະເພາະ, ຢາຍັບຍັ້ງ calcineurin topical, phototherapy, ແລະຂັ້ນຕອນການປູກຖ່າຍ. ຄວາມກ້າວຫນ້າທີ່ຜ່ານມາໃນການເຂົ້າໃຈຂະບວນການພື້ນຖານຂອງ vitiligo ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ການພັດທະນາການປິ່ນປົວເປົ້າຫມາຍ. ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ, ຢາຍັບຍັ້ງ JAK ແມ່ນດີທີ່ສຸດ, ສະເຫນີຄວາມທົນທານທີ່ດີແລະຜົນໄດ້ຮັບທີ່ເປັນປະໂຫຍດ, ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການກະຕຸ້ນການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ລ້າໆແລະຜົນຂ້າງຄຽງຂອງລະບົບທົ່ວໄປກັບຕົວແທນ immunosuppressive ອື່ນໆ. ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງມີຈຸດປະສົງເພື່ອກໍານົດ cytokines ທີ່ສໍາຄັນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບການພັດທະນາຂອງ vitiligo (IFN-γ, CXCL10, CXCR3, HSP70i, IL-15, IL-17/23, TNF) . ການຂັດຂວາງ cytokines ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໄດ້ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນຄໍາສັນຍາໃນຮູບແບບສັດແລະຄົນເຈັບບາງຄົນ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ການສືບສວນກ່ຽວກັບ miRNA-based therapeutics ແລະ adoptive Treg cell therapy ກໍາລັງດໍາເນີນຢູ່.
Current models of treatment for vitiligo are often nonspecific and general. Various therapy options are available for active vitiligo patients, including systemic glucocorticoids, phototherapy, and systemic immunosuppressants. While stable vitiligo patients may benefit from topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, as well as transplantation procedures. Recently, a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes of vitiligo led to the advent of novel targeted therapies. To date, JAK inhibitors are the only category that has been proved to have a good tolerability profile and functional outcomes in vitiligo treatment, even though the risk of activation of latent infection and systemic side effects still existed, like other immunosuppressive agents. Research is in progress to investigate the important cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, including IFN-γ, CXCL10, CXCR3, HSP70i, IL-15, IL-17/23, and TNF, the blockade of which has undergone preliminary attempts in animal models and some patients. In addition, studies on miRNA-based therapeutics as well as adoptive Treg cell therapy are still primary, and more studies are necessary.