Panniculitis - Pannikulīts
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References
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis veido neviendabīgu iekaisuma slimību grupu, kas ietver zemādas taukaudus. Bērniem šie traucējumi ir reti. Pannikulīts var būt primārais process sistēmiskā traucējumā vai sekundārs process, kas rodas infekcijas, traumas vai medikamentu iedarbības rezultātā. Lielākajai daļai pannikulīta veidu ir tāda pati klīniskā izpausme (neatkarīgi no etioloģijas) ar jutīgiem, eritematoziem zemādas mezgliņiem.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , zemādas tauku iekaisums, parasti izpaužas ar iekaisuma mezgliņiem. Erythema nodosum (EN) ir klīniski visizplatītākā pannikulīta forma. Lai gan līdz 55% EN tiek uzskatīti par idiopātiskām, visbiežāk sastopamie cēloņi ir infekcijas, zāles, sistēmiskas slimības, piemēram, sarkoidoze un iekaisīga zarnu slimība, grūtniecība un ļaundabīgi audzēji. EN parasti parādās pusaudžiem un 20 gadiem, un to biežāk novēro sievietēm. Pirms tam bieži vien ir nespecifisks vienas līdz trīs nedēļu prodroms, kas var ietvert drudzi, savārgumu un augšējo elpceļu infekcijas simptomus. Pēc tam seko ādas bojājumi, kas parasti lokalizēti ekstremitāšu ekstensora pusē. Bojājumi ir sāpīgi noapaļoti vai ovāli, nedaudz pacelti, bez čūlas sarkani mezgliņi. Precīza EN patoģenēze nav saprotama, lai gan tiek uzskatīts, ka to izraisa imūnkompleksu nogulsnēšanās starpsienas venulās zemādas taukos, izraisot neitrofilu pannikulītu. Pat bez specifiskas terapijas cēloniskajam stāvoklim EN vairumā gadījumu izzūd bez ārstēšanas.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
"Erythema nodosum" ir pannikulīts (panniculitis) forma, ko raksturo maigi sarkani mezgliņi, 1–10 cm, kas saistīti ar sistēmiskiem simptomiem, tostarp drudzi, savārgumu un locītavu sāpēm. Mezgli var izzust 2–6 nedēļu laikā, neradot čūlas vai rētas. Nodosum eritēma ir saistīta ar infekcijām, tostarp C hepatītu, EBV un tuberkulozi, grūtniecību, ne-Hodžkina limfomu un aizkuņģa dziedzera vēzi.