Ētahi atu korero ― Maori

Ko te Erythema multiforme (EM) he āhua ka puta i ngā wāhi rite‑rite o te kiri me ngā ara mucous i runga i ngā tūroro aukati. Ahakoa ka pā te EM ki te nuinga o te wā i te hēmana o ngā māuiui kōkiri, pērā i te herpes simplex virus (HSV) me ētahi rongoā, kāore tonu te pūtake i te mōhiotia i roto i ngā rangahau maha. Ko te maimoatanga o te EM e aro ana ki te whakangawari i ngā tohu mā te whakamahi i ngā kirīmi, steroids, antihistamines rānei. He tino whai hua te whakahaere i te EM mēnā ka whakaritea ki ia tūroro. Ko ngā huarahi tuatahi ko te maimoatanga o te waha me te maimoatanga o ngā tūroro. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā corticosteroids me ngā rongoā antiviral. Ko te maimoatanga o runga ko ngā kirīmi steroid kaha me ngā rongoā mō ngā kiri mucous kua pā. Mō ngā tūroro kāore e aro ki ngā patu‑patu huaketo, ko ngā whiringa tuarua ko ngā raau aukati‑mate, ngā patupatu‑pōri, anthelmintics, me ngā rongoā rongoā.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials

I te nuinga o ngā wā, ka ngaro te erythema multiforme ngawari i roto i te 2 ki te 4 wiki. Ko te Stevens‑Johnson, he mate kino e pā ana ki ngā kiriuhi māku, ka roa ki te 6 wiki. Ko ngā steroids kāore i te nuinga o te wā e taunakihia ana mō ngā kēhi ngawari. Mēnā ka whakamahia ngā steroids mō te erythema multiforme nui, kāore i te tino mārama nā te mea kāore he kitenga mārama mai i ngā rangahau matapōkere e tohu ana ko wai ngā tamariki ka whai hua mai i tēnei maimoatanga.
In most cases, mild erythema multiforme is self-limited and resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious disease that involves the mucous membranes and lasts up to 6 weeks. There is no indication for using steroids for the mild form. Use of steroids for erythema multiforme major is debatable because no randomized studies clearly indicate which children will benefit from this treatment.

Ka whakaatu mātou i te keeke o te erythema multiforme (EM) a‑waha nā te TMP/SMX, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhua o te waha me te ngutu kāore he pānga ki te kiri. E tohu ana tēnei i te wāhi kē atu i ētahi atu mate whewhe o te waha. I whiwhi te manawanui i te maimoatanga tohu me ngā rongoā prednisolone, ā, ka arahi ki te whakapai ake i muri i te whakamutu i te maimoatanga TMP/SMX.
We report a case of oral erythema multiforme (EM) secondary to TMP/SMX that presented with oral and lip ulcerations typical of EM without any skin lesions and highlights the importance of distinguishing them from other ulcerative disorders involving oral cavity. The patient was treated symptomatically and given tablet prednisolone. The condition improved with stoppage of TMP/SMX therapy.

Ko te Erythema multiforme he tauhohenga e pā ana ki te kiri, ā, i ētahi wā ki te mucosa, nā te punaha aukati. I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta he reirangi rite ki te whāinga, ka āhua mokemoke, ka hoki mai, ka mau tonu rānei. I te nuinga o te wā ka pā te hangarite o ēnei whiu ki ngā pito, inā koa ki ngā mata o waho. Ko ngā take matua ko ngā māuiui pērā i te huaketo herpes simplex me te Mycoplasma pneumoniae, tae atu ki ētahi rongoā, kōna kōna māuiui, me ngā māuiui autoimmune. Ko te wehewehe i te erythema multiforme i te urticaria ka whakawhirinaki ki te roa o ngā whiu; ka mau tonu ngā whiu mō ngā rā e whitu neke atu, engari ka ngaro ngā whiu kirikiri i roto i te rā kotahi. Ahakoa he rite tonu, he mea nui ki te wehe i te erythema multiforme i te mate Stevens‑Johnson tino kino, e whakaatu ana i ngā macules erythematous, purpuric rānei me te opupu. Ko te whakahaere i te erythema multiforme ka uru ki te āwhina tohumate, ngā steroids, ngā antihistamines, me te whakatika i te take. Mō ngā kīhē e pā ana ki te huaketo herpes simplex, ka tūtohuhia te rongoā antiviral prophylactic. Ko te kaha o te urunga o te mucosal ka mate pea ki te hohipera mō ngā wai whakaroto me te whakakapi i ngā electrolyte.
Erythema multiforme is a reaction involving the skin and sometimes the mucosa, triggered by the immune system. Typically, it manifests as target-like lesions, which may appear isolated, recur, or persist. These lesions usually symmetrically affect the extremities, particularly their outer surfaces. The main causes include infections like herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as certain medications, immunizations, and autoimmune diseases. Distinguishing erythema multiforme from urticaria relies on the duration of lesions; erythema multiforme lesions remain fixed for at least seven days, while urticarial lesions often vanish within a day. Although similar, it's crucial to differentiate erythema multiforme from the more severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which typically presents widespread erythematous or purpuric macules with blisters. Managing erythema multiforme involves symptomatic relief with topical steroids or antihistamines and addressing the underlying cause. For recurrent cases associated with herpes simplex virus, prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended. Severe mucosal involvement may necessitate hospitalization for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement.