Acne - Jerawat
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Jerawat pada batang tubuh. Bahagian atas badan serta belakang merupakan kawasan biasa berlakunya jerawat.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesJerawat, keadaan kulit yang paling biasa di Amerika Syarikat, adalah masalah kulit radang yang berterusan. Rawatan bertujuan untuk menangani empat faktor utama yang menyumbang kepada jerawat: pengeluaran sebum yang berlebihan, pembentukan sel kulit, kolonisasi Propionibacterium acnes, dan keradangan yang terhasil. Retinoid topikal menguruskan kedua‑dua lesi keradangan dan bukan keradangan dengan berkesan, dengan menghalang dan mengurangkan komedo semasa menangani keradangan. Benzoyl peroksida, yang boleh didapati di kaunter, adalah agen bakteria tanpa menggalakkan ketahanan bakteria. Walaupun antibiotik topikal dan oral berfungsi secara bersendirian, menggabungkannya dengan retinoid topikal meningkatkan keberkesanannya. Menambah benzoyl peroksida kepada terapi antibiotik mengurangkan risiko rintangan bakteria. Isotretinoin oral, diluluskan untuk jerawat yang teruk dan degil, ditadbir melalui program iPLEDGE.
Acne, the most common skin condition in the United States, is a persistent inflammatory skin problem. Treatment aims at addressing four main factors contributing to acne: excessive sebum production, skin cell buildup, Propionibacterium acnes colonization, and resulting inflammation. Topical retinoids effectively manage both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by preventing and reducing comedones while addressing inflammation. Benzoyl peroxide, available over-the-counter, is a bactericidal agent without promoting bacterial resistance. While topical and oral antibiotics work alone, combining them with topical retinoids enhances their effectiveness. Adding benzoyl peroxide to antibiotic therapy lowers the risk of bacterial resistance. Oral isotretinoin, approved for severe and stubborn acne, is administered through the iPLEDGE program.
Acne, the most common skin condition in the United States, is a persistent inflammatory skin problem. Treatment aims at addressing four main factors contributing to acne: excessive sebum production, skin cell buildup, Propionibacterium acnes colonization, and resulting inflammation. Topical retinoids effectively manage both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by preventing and reducing comedones while addressing inflammation. Benzoyl peroxide, available over-the-counter, is a bactericidal agent without promoting bacterial resistance. While topical and oral antibiotics work alone, combining them with topical retinoids enhances their effectiveness. Adding benzoyl peroxide to antibiotic therapy lowers the risk of bacterial resistance. Oral isotretinoin, approved for severe and stubborn acne, is administered through the iPLEDGE program.
Rawatan topikal biasa untuk jerawat termasuk benzoyl peroxide (BP), asid salisilik, antibiotik, gabungan antibiotik dengan BP, retinoid, gabungan retinoid dengan BP atau antibiotik, asid azelaik, dan agen sulfon. Antibiotik oral telah lama menjadi bahagian penting dalam rawatan jerawat, terutamanya untuk kes sederhana hingga teruk. Ia berfungsi paling baik apabila digunakan bersama retinoid topikal dan BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, dan cephalexin semuanya telah menunjukkan bukti keberkesanan.
Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide (BP), salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, sulfone agents. Oral antibiotics have long been a key part of acne treatment, especially for moderate to severe cases. They work best when used alongside a topical retinoid and BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexin have all shown evidence of effectiveness.
Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide (BP), salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, sulfone agents. Oral antibiotics have long been a key part of acne treatment, especially for moderate to severe cases. They work best when used alongside a topical retinoid and BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexin have all shown evidence of effectiveness.
Retinoid topikal sentiasa disyorkan untuk merawat jerawat. Apabila menggunakan antibiotik sistemik atau topikal, penting untuk menggabungkannya dengan benzoil peroksida dan retinoid, tetapi hanya untuk tempoh sehingga 12 minggu. Isotretinoin dikhaskan untuk kes jerawat teruk yang tidak memberi respons kepada rawatan lain. Walaupun terdapat beberapa bukti bagi rawatan fizikal seperti terapi laser dan pengelupasan kimia, serta pendekatan pelengkap seperti racun lebah yang telah dimurnikan dan diet tertentu, keberkesanannya masih belum pasti.
Topical retinoids are always recommended for treating acne. When using systemic or topical antibiotics, it's important to combine them with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, but only for up to 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe cases of acne that haven't responded to other treatments. While there's some evidence for physical treatments like laser therapy and chemical peels, as well as complementary approaches such as purified bee venom and certain diets, their effectiveness is still uncertain.
Topical retinoids are always recommended for treating acne. When using systemic or topical antibiotics, it's important to combine them with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, but only for up to 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe cases of acne that haven't responded to other treatments. While there's some evidence for physical treatments like laser therapy and chemical peels, as well as complementary approaches such as purified bee venom and certain diets, their effectiveness is still uncertain.
Beberapa kajian telah meneliti bagaimana makanan yang berbeza mempengaruhi jerawat pada pesakit. Mereka mendapati bahawa orang yang berjerawat dan mengambil makanan dengan beban glisemik rendah cenderung mempunyai bintik‑bintik jerawat yang lebih sedikit berbanding mereka yang mengonsumsi makanan dengan beban glisemik tinggi. Susu juga telah dikaji kaitannya dengan jerawat. Nampaknya protein tertentu dalam susu mungkin menyumbang lebih banyak kepada jerawat berbanding kandungan lemak atau tenusu secara keseluruhan. Penyelidikan lain memberi tumpuan kepada asid lemak omega‑3 dan asid γ‑linoleik. Ia mencadangkan bahawa orang yang berjerawat mungkin mendapat manfaat dengan makan lebih banyak ikan serta minyak sihat untuk meningkatkan pengambilan asid lemak tersebut. Kajian terbaru mengenai probiotik untuk jerawat menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan, tetapi lebih banyak kajian diperlukan untuk mengesahkan penemuan awal ini.
Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies.
Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies.
Dalam kedua‑dua jantina, hormon androgen memainkan peranan penting dengan meningkatkan pengeluaran sebum. Faktor lain yang kerap terlibat ialah pertumbuhan berlebihan bakteria Cutibacterium acnes pada kulit.
Rawatan topikal seperti asid azelaic, benzoyl peroksida, dan asid salisilik biasanya diberikan. Antibiotik dan retinoid tersedia dalam bentuk topikal dan oral untuk rawatan jerawat. Walau bagaimanapun, rintangan antibiotik boleh berkembang akibat penggunaan berpanjangan. Beberapa jenis pil perancang boleh membantu mencegah jerawat pada wanita. Rawatan awal dengan isotretinoin yang agresif boleh mengurangkan komplikasi jangka panjang.
○ Rawatan
Gel adapalene boleh digunakan secara meluas kerana ia menyekat pengeluaran sebum dan mengurangkan pembentukan jerawat. Gel adapalene mungkin menyebabkan kulit terasa kering atau merengsakan jika digunakan secara berlebihan pada permulaan. Benzoyl peroksida dan asid azelaic pula boleh digunakan pada jerawat radang kerana mereka mengurangkan keradangan. Secara amnya, rawatan selama sekurang‑kurangnya satu bulan diperlukan untuk melihat kesan.
#Benzoyl peroxide [OXY-10]
#Adapalene gel [Differin]
#Tretinoin cream
#Minocycline
#Isotretinoin
#Topical clindamycin
#Comedone extraction