Angiofibroma
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ReferencesCutaneous angiofibromas boleh muncul di pelbagai bahagian badan. Di muka, ia sering dikenali sebagai papula berserabut atau adenoma sebaceum; pada zakar, ia dipanggil pearly penile papules; di bawah kuku, ia dikenali sebagai angiofibroma periungual atau tumor Koenen; dan di dalam mulut, ia dirujuk sebagai fibroma mulut. Angiofibroma muka merupakan ciri utama tuberous sclerosis (TS), gangguan warisan yang menjejaskan kulit, buah pinggang, jantung, otak, dan paru-paru. Ia biasanya berkembang di muka semasa zaman kanak-kanak atau awal dewasa pada individu dengan TS. Kehadiran tiga atau lebih angiofibroma muka atau dua atau lebih angiofibroma periungual dianggap penting dalam diagnosis TS. Selain itu, pelbagai angiofibroma muka mungkin ditemui dalam keadaan seperti multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) dan Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Pearly penile papules terletak di sepanjang tepi koronal dan sulkus zakar. Ia merupakan benjolan yang berterusan dan tidak menyakitkan, lebih kerap dilihat pada lelaki yang tidak berkhatan.
Cutaneous angiofibromas can be located on different areas of the body including the face where they are commonly called fibrous papules or adenoma sebaceum on the penis where they are called pearly penile papules, underneath the nail where they are called periungual angiofibromas or Koenen tumors, and in the mouth where they are called oral fibromas. Facial angiofibromas are considered one of the most obvious clinical presentations of tuberous sclerosis (TS), an autosomal dominant hamartomatous disorder that affects the skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and lungs. With TS, angiofibromas typically arise on the face in childhood and early adulthood. Both facial angiofibromas (greater than or equal to 3 needed) and periungual angiofibroma (greater than or equal to 2 needed) are 2 of the major criteria for TS. Multiple facial angiofibromas are also found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Pearly penile papules are chronic, asymptomatic, papules found on the coronal margin and sulcus of the penis. They are more common in uncircumcised men.
Cutaneous angiofibromas can be located on different areas of the body including the face where they are commonly called fibrous papules or adenoma sebaceum on the penis where they are called pearly penile papules, underneath the nail where they are called periungual angiofibromas or Koenen tumors, and in the mouth where they are called oral fibromas. Facial angiofibromas are considered one of the most obvious clinical presentations of tuberous sclerosis (TS), an autosomal dominant hamartomatous disorder that affects the skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and lungs. With TS, angiofibromas typically arise on the face in childhood and early adulthood. Both facial angiofibromas (greater than or equal to 3 needed) and periungual angiofibroma (greater than or equal to 2 needed) are 2 of the major criteria for TS. Multiple facial angiofibromas are also found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Pearly penile papules are chronic, asymptomatic, papules found on the coronal margin and sulcus of the penis. They are more common in uncircumcised men.
1) Muka – Fibrous papule
2) Zakar – Pearly penile papule
3) Di bawah kuku atau pada kuku kaki – Periungual angiofibroma