Maklumat lanjut ― Melayu

Corns berkembang akibat gosokan atau tekanan berulang. Corn ialah kawasan kulit yang menebal secara terlokalis, manakala callus lebih meluas. Corns sering berlaku pada atlet atau individu yang mempunyai masalah kaki, seperti geseran tidak sekata dari kasut. Ia juga biasa berlaku pada orang tua, pesakit diabetes, dan mereka yang mengalami amputasi. Corns harus dilihat sebagai gejala, bukan sebagai keadaan yang berdiri sendiri.
A corn, also known as a calvus, heloma, or focal intractable plantar hyperkeratosis, is a type of callosity. Corns are uncomfortable, thickened skin lesions that result from repeated mechanical trauma due to friction or pressure forces. In the literature, confusing terminology is often used to call different types of hyperkeratotic skin lesions. Nevertheless, a corn should be distinguished from a callus, which is a more diffuse type of callosity. Thus, a corn is a well-delimited focal area of hyperkeratosis. This condition is often seen in athletes and patients exposed to unequal friction force from footwear or gait problems, including the elderly, patients with diabetes, and amputees. It should be regarded as a symptom rather than an effective disease.

Corn, juga dikenali sebagai clavus, adalah keadaan kaki yang biasa dilihat di klinik. Ia merupakan kawasan kulit yang menebal akibat geseran atau tekanan, selalunya menyakitkan. Adalah penting untuk membezakannya daripada kapalan atau ketuat. Kapalan adalah serupa tetapi tidak mempunyai teras pusat dan kurang menyakitkan. Rawatan bertujuan untuk melegakan gejala dan mencegah corn masa depan. Merawat keadaan yang menyakitkan ini boleh meningkatkan kualiti hidup pesakit, terutamanya bagi individu yang lebih tua atau aktif.
A clavus or clavi (plural) is a frequently encountered condition in the out-patient clinic, known colloquially as a corn. It is one of the many hyperkeratotic lesions of the foot and therefore requires differentiation from other etiologies such as calluses or plantar warts. A clavus is a well-demarcated thickened area of the epidermis that has a central core. This skin lesion is most commonly found on the foot and is often painful. A clavus results from repeated friction, pressure, or trauma to a specific area of the foot. A callus is another hyperkeratotic skin lesion that is similar to a clavus. It is an area of thickened epidermis with less defined borders and is also the result of repeated mechanical stress. Additionally, calluses lack the painful central core seen with clavi. Calluses most commonly present on the hands and feet. The older and the physically active are most commonly affected by clavi. Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief and lifestyle modification to prevent future clavus formation. By treating this painful and sometimes life-altering skin lesion, physicians can have a profound impact on their patients’ lives.