Fifth disease - Penyakit Kelima
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16 bulan dengan Penyakit Kelima (Fifth disease) ― Kedua-dua pipi menjadi merah, seperti ditampar, dan ruam makulopapular muncul pada badan.
Eritema pada kedua-dua pipi.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesFifth disease, juga dikenali sebagai erythema infectiosum, ialah jangkitan virus yang disebabkan oleh parvovirus B19 manusia. Ia lebih kerap berlaku pada kanak‑kanak, biasanya memberi kesan kepada mereka yang berumur antara 4 hingga 14 tahun. Gejala selalunya bermula dengan demam ringan, sakit kepala, sakit tekak, dan perasaan seperti selesema. Kanak‑kanak mungkin mengalami ruam merah pada muka yang menyerupai “slapped cheeks”, bersama‑sama dengan ruam bercorak pada badan, lengan, dan kaki. Pada orang dewasa, sakit sendi adalah aduan biasa, yang mungkin muncul beberapa minggu selepas jangkitan awal. Terutama, sekitar 20‑30 % orang dewasa yang dijangkiti parvovirus B19 mungkin tidak menunjukkan sebarang gejala.
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. It is more common in children than adults and usually affects children ages 4 to 14. The disease often starts with mild fever, headache, sore throat, and other flu-like symptoms. Children can also develop a bright red rash on the face that looks like “slapped cheeks”, along with a lacy or bumpy rash on the body, arms, and legs. In adults, joint aches are a common symptom. Rash and joint symptoms may develop several weeks after infection. About 20 to 30% of adults who are infected with parvovirus B19 will not have symptoms.
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. It is more common in children than adults and usually affects children ages 4 to 14. The disease often starts with mild fever, headache, sore throat, and other flu-like symptoms. Children can also develop a bright red rash on the face that looks like “slapped cheeks”, along with a lacy or bumpy rash on the body, arms, and legs. In adults, joint aches are a common symptom. Rash and joint symptoms may develop several weeks after infection. About 20 to 30% of adults who are infected with parvovirus B19 will not have symptoms.
Risiko penularan parvovirus B19 dari ibu ke bayi kira‑kira 33 %, dan sekitar 3 % wanita yang dijangkiti mengalami komplikasi pada bayi mereka. Jika ibu dijangkiti sebelum usia kehamilan 20 minggu, risiko komplikasi seperti anemia dan pengumpulan cecair dalam badan bayi meningkat. Untuk memulakan pengurusan penyakit ini, kita perlu menyemak sama ada pesakit pernah terdedah kepada parvovirus dengan menguji antibodi (IgM) yang khusus. Jika ujian tidak menunjukkan pendedahan lama tetapi menunjukkan jangkitan baru‑baru ini, pesakit memerlukan pemantauan rapi sepanjang kehamilan, termasuk imbasan ultrasound berkala untuk menilai kesihatan bayi.
The rate of vertical transmission during maternal parvovirus B19 infection is estimated at 33%, with fetal complications occurring in 3% of infected women. Fetal complications comprising hemolysis, anemia, and nonimmune hydrops fetalis and fetal loss are more frequent when maternal infection occurs before 20 weeks of gestation. The first step in the management of this patient would be to obtain immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG titres against parvovirus to evaluate if the patient has had previous immunity against the disease. If results are negative for IgG but positive for IgM (ie, primary infection), this patient would need close obstetrical monitoring for the following weeks, including serial ultrasounds to rule out fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis.
The rate of vertical transmission during maternal parvovirus B19 infection is estimated at 33%, with fetal complications occurring in 3% of infected women. Fetal complications comprising hemolysis, anemia, and nonimmune hydrops fetalis and fetal loss are more frequent when maternal infection occurs before 20 weeks of gestation. The first step in the management of this patient would be to obtain immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG titres against parvovirus to evaluate if the patient has had previous immunity against the disease. If results are negative for IgG but positive for IgM (ie, primary infection), this patient would need close obstetrical monitoring for the following weeks, including serial ultrasounds to rule out fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis.
Penyakit Kelima (Fifth disease) bermula dengan demam rendah, sakit kepala, ruam, dan simptom seperti selsema—hidung berair atau tersumbat. Gejala ini biasanya reda, dan beberapa hari kemudian ruam muncul. Ruam merah terang paling kerap kelihatan di muka, terutamanya pada pipi (oleh itu dikenali sebagai “penyakit pipi ditampar”). Selain pipi merah, kanak‑kanak sering mengalami ruam merah pada seluruh badan, terutama pada bahagian atas lengan, badan, dan kaki.
Penyakit ini biasanya ringan, tetapi pada wanita hamil jangkitan pada trimester pertama telah dikaitkan dengan hidrops fetalis, yang boleh menyebabkan keguguran spontan.
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