Herpes simplex
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Herpes simplex pada bibir.
Herpes simplex ― Jangkitan herpes simplex pada jari adalah lebih biasa pada kanak-kanak kecil berbanding orang dewasa.
References
Jangkitan HSV-1 berkembang melalui jangkitan utama sel epitelium, diikuti oleh kependaman, terutamanya dalam neuron, dan pengaktifan semula. HSV-1 biasanya menyebabkan letusan vesikular awal dan berulang, terutamanya pada mulut dan mukosa alat kelamin. Manifestasinya berkisar daripada herpes orolabial kepada pelbagai keadaan seperti folikulitis herpetik, jangkitan kulit, penglibatan okular, dan kes yang teruk seperti herpes ensefalitis. Terapi antiviral membantu menguruskan jangkitan HSV.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) ialah jangkitan yang meluas, menjejaskan sekitar 22% orang dewasa berumur 12 tahun ke atas, berjumlah 45 juta orang dewasa di Amerika Syarikat. Walaupun HSV-1 biasanya menyebabkan kudis mulut, ia juga boleh menyebabkan lesi alat kelamin. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila pesakit mengalami lesi alat kelamin, HSV-2 biasanya menjadi kebimbangan utama. Gejala wabak HSV-2 selalunya tidak jelas, seperti gatal-gatal dan kerengsaan alat kelamin, yang boleh melambatkan diagnosis dan rawatan. Kelewatan ini boleh mengakibatkan penularan selanjutnya kepada individu yang tidak dijangkiti.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) biasanya menyebabkan jangkitan seperti herpes kemaluan dan kudis selsema pada remaja dan dewasa. Apabila HSV menjangkiti bayi dalam tempoh 4-6 minggu pertama kehidupan, ia boleh mengakibatkan penyakit yang teruk dengan akibat yang serius. Mendiagnosis jangkitan HSV neonatal dengan cepat adalah penting untuk menghentikan penyakit daripada menjadi lebih teruk, mencegah masalah neurologi (malah kematian) .
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex jangkitan adalah sangat biasa dan boleh disebarkan daripada wanita hamil kepada bayi mereka. Virus ini boleh menyebabkan masalah kesihatan yang serius atau kematian pada bayi baru lahir. Walaupun ia jarang berlaku semasa kehamilan itu sendiri, ia sering berlaku semasa bersalin. Risiko paling tinggi jika ibu dijangkiti pada peringkat akhir kehamilan. Walau bagaimanapun, risiko ini boleh dikurangkan dengan menggunakan ubat antivirus atau memilih bahagian C dalam situasi tertentu.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) jenis 1 dan 2 menjangkiti ramai orang di seluruh dunia. Biasanya, virus kekal senyap dalam sel saraf selepas menjangkiti kulit, tetapi ia boleh diaktifkan semula kemudian, menyebabkan kudis sejuk. Kadangkala, ia membawa kepada masalah yang teruk seperti jangkitan mata, keradangan otak atau keadaan berbahaya pada bayi baru lahir dan orang yang mempunyai sistem imun yang lemah. Walaupun ubat-ubatan semasa membantu mengawal jangkitan, risiko rintangan dadah dan kesan sampingan masih menjadi kebimbangan. Kami memerlukan ubat baharu untuk menyasarkan virus dengan lebih baik.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Terdapat dua jenis virus herpes simplex , jenis 1 (HSV-1) dan jenis 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 lebih kerap menyebabkan jangkitan di sekitar mulut manakala HSV-2 lebih kerap menyebabkan jangkitan genital. Ia disebarkan melalui hubungan langsung dengan individu yang dijangkiti. Herpes genital diklasifikasikan sebagai jangkitan seksual. Ia mungkin merebak kepada bayi semasa bersalin. Selepas jangkitan, virus diangkut sepanjang saraf deria ke badan sel saraf, di mana ia tinggal sepanjang hayat. Punca berulang mungkin termasuk: penurunan fungsi imun, tekanan, dan pendedahan cahaya matahari.
Dalam kebanyakan kes, ubat antivirus hanya diambil apabila gejala teruk. Ubat antivirus harian mungkin ditetapkan kepada seseorang yang mempunyai jangkitan yang sangat kerap. Tiada vaksin tersedia dan vaksin kayap tidak menghalang herpes simplex. Rawatan dengan ubat antivirus seperti asiklovir atau valaciclovir boleh mengurangkan keterukan gejala.
Kadar seluruh dunia sama ada HSV-1 atau HSV-2 adalah antara 60% dan 95% pada orang dewasa. HSV-1 biasanya dijangkiti semasa zaman kanak-kanak. Dianggarkan 536 juta orang di seluruh dunia (16% daripada populasi) telah dijangkiti HSV-2 pada tahun 2003 dengan kadar yang lebih tinggi di kalangan wanita dan mereka di negara membangun. Kebanyakan orang dengan HSV-2 tidak menyedari bahawa mereka dijangkiti.
○ Rawatan - Ubat OTC
Elakkan sebarang sentuhan fizikal, seperti mencium kanak-kanak, semasa lepuh hadir, kerana sentuhan boleh menyebarkan jangkitan kepada orang lain. Anda harus berehat tanpa minum alkohol.
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