Syphilis - Sifilis
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Chancres ― jangkitan sifilitik primer oleh Treponema pallidum
References
Sifilis adalah penyakit kelamin yang disebabkan oleh bakteria Treponema pallidum. Dalam kajian ini, kami memberi tumpuan kepada 57 pesakit berumur 18-68 dengan sifilis sekunder.
Venereal syphilis is a multi-stage, sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum (Tp). Herein we describe a cohort of 57 patients (age 18-68 years) with secondary syphilis (SS) identified through a network of public sector primary health care providers in Cali, Colombia.
Venereal syphilis is a multi-stage, sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum (Tp). Herein we describe a cohort of 57 patients (age 18-68 years) with secondary syphilis (SS) identified through a network of public sector primary health care providers in Cali, Colombia.
Sifilis adalah jangkitan kuman yang disebabkan oleh Treponema pallidum. Ia boleh meniru pelbagai penyakit, menjadikannya nama samaran great imitator. Sifilis masih menjejaskan berjuta-juta di seluruh dunia tetapi boleh dirawat dengan berkesan dengan penisilin.
Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been named the “great imitator and mimicker.” Syphilis remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Luckily, the causative organism is still sensitive to penicillin.
Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been named the “great imitator and mimicker.” Syphilis remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Luckily, the causative organism is still sensitive to penicillin.
Treponema pallidum menyebabkan sifilis melalui hubungan seksual atau daripada ibu kepada bayi semasa mengandung. Walaupun terdapat ujian mudah untuk mendiagnosisnya dan rawatan dengan satu suntikan penisilin bertindak panjang berfungsi dengan baik, sifilis kembali menjadi masalah besar di seluruh dunia. Ini benar terutamanya dalam kalangan lelaki yang melakukan hubungan seks dengan lelaki (MSM) di negara berpendapatan tinggi dan sederhana. Walaupun sesetengah negara berpendapatan rendah telah mencapai matlamat WHO untuk menghentikan sifilis daripada ibu kepada bayi, terdapat peningkatan yang membimbangkan dalam sifilis dalam kalangan MSM positif HIV.
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) causes syphilis via sexual exposure or via vertical transmission during pregnancy. Despite the availability of simple diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of treatment with a single dose of long-acting penicillin, syphilis is re-emerging as a global public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income and middle-income countries. Although several low-income countries have achieved WHO targets for the elimination of congenital syphilis, an alarming increase in the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected MSM serves as a strong reminder of the tenacity of T. pallidum as a pathogen.
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) causes syphilis via sexual exposure or via vertical transmission during pregnancy. Despite the availability of simple diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of treatment with a single dose of long-acting penicillin, syphilis is re-emerging as a global public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income and middle-income countries. Although several low-income countries have achieved WHO targets for the elimination of congenital syphilis, an alarming increase in the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected MSM serves as a strong reminder of the tenacity of T. pallidum as a pathogen.
(1) Hati yang diperbesar: Ini sering dijumpai dan mungkin berlaku bersama limpa yang membesar. Memeriksa biopsi hati di bawah mikroskop medan gelap mungkin mendedahkan kehadiran spirochete. Ujian fungsi hati mungkin menunjukkan kelainan. (2) Kekuningan Kulit (Jaundis) : Sama ada seseorang menunjukkan jaundis bergantung kepada berapa banyak hati terjejas. (3) Hidung Berair: Selalunya salah satu tanda pertama, biasanya dalam minggu pertama selepas kelahiran. (4) Nodus Limfa Bengkak: Pembengkakan umum nodus limfa, biasanya tidak menyakitkan, juga biasa. (5) Ruam Kulit: Ruam biasanya muncul satu hingga dua minggu selepas hidung berair. Anda mungkin melihat bintik merah atau merah jambu kecil di belakang, punggung, peha dan tapak kaki. Ruam ini boleh berkembang menjadi mengelupas dan berkerak.
(1) Hepatomegaly: This is the most common finding and may occur with splenomegaly. Biopsy of the liver followed by darkfield microscopy may reveal the spirochete. Liver function tests may be abnormal. (2) Jaundice: Jaundice may or may not be present depending on the extent of liver injury. (3) Rhinitis: One of the first clinical presentations, usually in the first week of life. Copious, persistent white discharge is noted, which contains spirochetes that can be visualized under darkfield microscopy. (4) Generalized Lymphadenopathy: Generalized, non-tender lymphadenopathy is also a common finding. (5) Rash: Rash usually appears one to two weeks after rhinitis. Small red or pink colored maculopapular lesions may be commonly seen on the back, buttocks, posterior thigh and soles of the feet. The rash progresses to desquamation and crusting.
(1) Hepatomegaly: This is the most common finding and may occur with splenomegaly. Biopsy of the liver followed by darkfield microscopy may reveal the spirochete. Liver function tests may be abnormal. (2) Jaundice: Jaundice may or may not be present depending on the extent of liver injury. (3) Rhinitis: One of the first clinical presentations, usually in the first week of life. Copious, persistent white discharge is noted, which contains spirochetes that can be visualized under darkfield microscopy. (4) Generalized Lymphadenopathy: Generalized, non-tender lymphadenopathy is also a common finding. (5) Rash: Rash usually appears one to two weeks after rhinitis. Small red or pink colored maculopapular lesions may be commonly seen on the back, buttocks, posterior thigh and soles of the feet. The rash progresses to desquamation and crusting.
○ Diagnosis dan Rawatan
VDRL dan RPR boleh digunakan untuk mengesahkan jangkitan baru-baru ini dan skrin untuk sifilis. Ujian FTA-ABS ialah ujian yang lebih khusus dan boleh digunakan untuk menyemak sejarah jangkitan sebelumnya. Penisilin digunakan untuk merawat sifilis.