Herpes simplex - हरपीज सिम्प्लेक्स
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ओठमा हर्पेस सिम्प्लेक्स।
हरपीज सिम्प्लेक्स (Herpes simplex) ― औंलाहरूमा हर्पेस सिम्प्लेक्स संक्रमण वयस्कहरूको तुलनामा साना बच्चाहरूमा बढी हुन्छ।
References
HSV-1 संक्रमण एपिथेलियल कोशिकाहरूको प्राथमिक संक्रमणको माध्यमबाट बढ्छ, पछि विलम्बता, मुख्यतया न्यूरोन्समा, र पुन: सक्रियता। HSV-1 ले सामान्यतया मुख र जननांग म्यूकोसामा प्रारम्भिक र दोहोरिने vesicular विस्फोटहरू निम्त्याउँछ। यसको अभिव्यक्तिहरू ओरोलाबियल हर्पेसदेखि लिएर विभिन्न अवस्थाहरू जस्तै हर्पेटिक फोलिक्युलाइटिस, छालाको संक्रमण, आँखाको संलग्नता, र हर्पेस इन्सेफलाइटिस जस्ता गम्भीर अवस्थाहरूमा हुन्छन्। एन्टिभाइरल थेरापीले HSV संक्रमण व्यवस्थापन गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) एक व्यापक संक्रमण हो, जुन 12 वर्ष र माथिका लगभग 22% वयस्कहरूलाई असर गर्छ, संयुक्त राज्यमा कुल 45 मिलियन वयस्कहरू। जबकि HSV-1 ले सामान्यतया मौखिक घाउहरू निम्त्याउँछ, यसले जननांग घावहरू पनि निम्त्याउन सक्छ। यद्यपि, जब बिरामीहरूलाई जननांग घावहरू हुन्छन्, HSV-2 सामान्यतया मुख्य चिन्ताको विषय हो। HSV-2 प्रकोपका लक्षणहरू प्रायः अस्पष्ट हुन्छन्, जस्तै जननांग चिलाउने र जलन, जसले निदान र उपचारमा ढिलाइ गर्न सक्छ। यो ढिलाइले असंक्रमित व्यक्तिहरूमा थप प्रसारण हुन सक्छ।
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) सामान्यतया किशोर र वयस्कहरूमा जननांग हर्पेस र चिसो घाउ जस्ता संक्रमणहरू निम्त्याउँछ। जब HSV ले जीवनको पहिलो 4-6 हप्ता भित्र शिशुलाई संक्रमित गर्छ, यसले गम्भीर परिणामहरू सहित गम्भीर रोग निम्त्याउन सक्छ। नवजात शिशु HSV संक्रमणको द्रुत निदान रोगलाई अझ खराब हुनबाट रोक्न, न्यूरोलोजिकल समस्याहरू (मृत्यु समेत) रोक्नको लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण छ।
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex संक्रमण धेरै सामान्य छ र गर्भवती महिलाहरु बाट उनीहरुको बच्चाहरु लाई सर्न सक्छ। यो भाइरसले नवजात शिशुहरूमा गम्भीर स्वास्थ्य समस्याहरू वा मृत्यु पनि निम्त्याउन सक्छ। जबकि यो गर्भावस्था को समयमा दुर्लभ छ, यो अक्सर बच्चा जन्म को समयमा हुन्छ। गर्भावस्थाको पछिल्लो चरणमा आमालाई संक्रमण भएमा सबैभन्दा बढी जोखिम हुन्छ। यद्यपि, यो जोखिम एन्टिभाइरल औषधिहरू प्रयोग गरेर वा निश्चित परिस्थितिहरूमा सी-सेक्शनको लागि छनौट गरेर कम गर्न सकिन्छ।
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) प्रकार १ र २ ले विश्वव्यापी रूपमा धेरै मानिसहरूलाई संक्रमित गर्दछ। सामान्यतया, भाइरस छालालाई संक्रमित गरिसकेपछि तंत्रिका कोशिकाहरूमा शान्त रहन्छ, तर यो पछि पुन: सक्रिय हुन सक्छ, चिसो घाउहरू निम्त्याउँछ। कहिलेकाहीँ, यसले आँखाको संक्रमण, मस्तिष्कको सूजन, वा नवजात शिशुहरू र कमजोर प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली भएका मानिसहरूमा खतरनाक अवस्थाहरू जस्ता गम्भीर समस्याहरू निम्त्याउँछ। हालको औषधिहरूले संक्रमण नियन्त्रण गर्न मद्दत गर्दा, औषधि प्रतिरोध र साइड इफेक्टको जोखिम चिन्ताको विषय बनेको छ। हामीलाई भाइरसलाई अझ राम्रोसँग लक्षित गर्न नयाँ औषधिहरू चाहिन्छ।
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
त्यहाँ दुई प्रकारका हरपीज सिम्प्लेक्स (herpes simplex) भाइरस छन्, टाइप 1 (HSV-1) र टाइप 2 (HSV-2)। HSV-1 ले सामान्यतया मुखको वरिपरि संक्रमण निम्त्याउँछ जबकि HSV-2 ले सामान्यतया जननांग संक्रमण निम्त्याउँछ। तिनीहरू संक्रमित व्यक्तिसँग प्रत्यक्ष सम्पर्कबाट प्रसारित हुन्छन्। जेनिटल हर्पेसलाई यौन संचारित संक्रमणको रूपमा वर्गीकृत गरिएको छ। यो सुत्केरीको समयमा बच्चामा फैलिन सक्छ। संक्रमण पछि, भाइरसहरू संवेदी तंत्रिका साथ तंत्रिका कोशिकाहरूमा सारिन्छन्, जहाँ तिनीहरू जीवनभर बस्छन्। पुनरावृत्तिको कारणहरू समावेश हुन सक्छन्: प्रतिरक्षा कार्यमा कमी, तनाव, र सूर्यको प्रकाशको जोखिम।
धेरैजसो अवस्थामा, लक्षणहरू गम्भीर हुँदा मात्र एन्टिभाइरल औषधिहरू लिइन्छ। धेरै पटक संक्रमण भएको व्यक्तिलाई दैनिक एन्टिभाइरल औषधि सिफारिस गर्न सकिन्छ। त्यहाँ कुनै खोप उपलब्ध छैन र दाँतको खोपले हर्पेस सिम्प्लेक्सलाई रोक्दैन। एसिक्लोभिर वा भ्यालासिक्लोभिर जस्ता एन्टिभाइरल औषधिहरूसँगको उपचारले लक्षणहरूको गम्भीरता कम गर्न सक्छ।
HSV-1 वा HSV-2 को विश्वव्यापी दरहरू वयस्कहरूमा 60% र 95% बीचमा छन्। HSV-1 सामान्यतया बाल्यकालमा संक्रमित हुन्छ। विश्वभरका अनुमानित ५३६ मिलियन मानिसहरू (जनसंख्याको १६%) HSV-2 बाट 2003 सम्म संक्रमित भएका थिए जसमा महिला र विकासशील विश्वका मानिसहरूमा यो दर बढी थियो। HSV-2 भएका अधिकांश मानिसहरूले आफू संक्रमित भएको महसुस गर्दैनन्।
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