थप जानकारी ― नेपाली

Ota Nevus मुख्यतया ट्राइजेमिनल नर्भ क्षेत्रको वरिपरि छालाको सौम्य कालोपन हो, जसले प्राय: यस स्नायुको पहिलो र दोस्रो भागले सेवा गर्ने आँखाको क्षेत्रहरूलाई असर गर्छ। यो अवस्था, जसलाई ओकुलर डर्मल मेलानोसिस पनि भनिन्छ, फँसिएको मेलानोसाइट्सको कारणले खैरो-नीलो विकृति निम्त्याउँछ। यो सामान्यतया अनुहारको एक छेउमा देखिन्छ र आँखा, अनुहारको छाला, र कहिलेकाहीँ मुखको छत समावेश हुन सक्छ। यो अवस्था भएका मानिसहरूमा आँखाको मेलानोमा र ग्लुकोमा हुने सम्भावना बढी हुन्छ। इटोको नेभस समान छ तर विभिन्न स्नायु क्षेत्रहरूलाई असर गर्छ।
Nevus of Ota is a benign melanosis that primarily involves the region of the trigeminal nerve distribution. The first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve, namely the ophthalmic V1 and the maxillary V2 are most commonly involved. There is associated hyperpigmentation of the eye. Nevus of Ota is also known as ocular dermal melanosis. The characteristic gray-blue hyperpigmentation occurs due to entrapped melanocytes. Unilateral presentation is more common. The melanocytes are entrapped leading to gray-blue hyperpigmentation of the conjunctiva and sclera along with ipsilateral facial skin. There is an increased risk of uveal melanoma and glaucoma in these cases. Palatal involvement may also occur. Nevus of Ito is very similar to nevus of Ota except it differs in the territory of distribution. It was described by Minor Ota in 1954. It involves the distribution territory of lateral cutaneous brachial nerves of the shoulder and posterior supraclavicular nerves. Both of these diseases share similar pathophysiology.

Congenital dermal melanocytosis लाई मङ्गोलियन स्पट पनि भनिन्छ। यो नवजात शिशुहरूमा देखिने सामान्य प्रकारको जन्मचिह्न हो। यो जन्मदेखि वा केही समय पछि छालामा खैरो-नीलो दागको रूपमा देखिन्छ। यी चिन्हहरू सामान्यतया तल्लो पछाडि र नितंबहरूमा पाइन्छ, काँधहरू अर्को साझा स्थानको साथ। तिनीहरू एशियाई र कालो शिशुहरूमा धेरै पटक हुन्छन्, केटा र केटी दुवैलाई समान रूपमा असर गर्छ। सामान्यतया, तिनीहरू 1 देखि 6 वर्षको उमेरमा आफैं हराउँछन् र सामान्यतया कुनै उपचारको आवश्यकता पर्दैन किनभने तिनीहरू प्रायः हानिकारक हुन्छन्।
Congenital dermal melanocytosis, also known as Mongolian spot or slate gray nevus, is one of many frequently encountered newborn pigmented lesions. It is a type of dermal melanocytosis, which presents as gray-blue areas of discoloration from birth or shortly thereafter. Congenital dermal melanocytosis is most commonly located in the lumbar and sacral-gluteal region, followed by shoulders in frequency. They most commonly occur in Asian and Black patients, affect both genders equally, and commonly fade by age 1 to 6 years old. Congenital dermal melanocytoses are usually benign and do not require treatment.