Zambiri ― Chichewa

Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.

Panniculitis kupanga gulu la matenda otupa omwe amakhudza minofu ya subcutaneous adipose. Matendawa ndi osowa mwa ana. Panniculitis ikhoza kukhala njira yoyamba mu dongosolo lachisokonezo kapena njira yachiwiri yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha matenda, kupwetekedwa mtima kapena kukhudzana ndi mankhwala. Mitundu yambiri ya panniculitis imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achipatala omwewo (mosasamala kanthu za etiology) , okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.

Panniculitis , kutupa kwamafuta a subcutaneous, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zotupa zotupa. Erythema nodosum (EN) ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri ya panniculitis. Ngakhale kuti 55% ya EN imatengedwa ngati idiopathic, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, mankhwala, matenda amtundu uliwonse monga sarcoidosis ndi kutupa kwamatumbo, mimba, ndi zilonda. EN imapezeka mwa achinyamata ndi 20s, ndipo imapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi. Nthawi zambiri zimatsogozedwa ndi prodrome yosakhala yeniyeni ya sabata imodzi kapena itatu, yomwe ingaphatikizepo kutentha thupi, malaise, ndi zizindikiro za matenda okhudza kupuma kwapamwamba. Zilonda zong'ambika zimatsatira, zomwe zimakhazikika pa mbali yotambasula ya miyendo. Zilondazo zimakhala zowawa zozungulira kapena zozungulira, zokwezeka pang'ono, zopanda zilonda zofiira. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a EN sizikumveka, ngakhale zimaganiziridwa kuti zimachokera ku kuyika kwa chitetezo cha mthupi m'magawo a septae mu mafuta a subcutaneous, kuchititsa neutrophilic panniculitis. Ngakhale popanda chithandizo chamankhwala choyambitsa matenda, EN imathetsa popanda chithandizo nthawi zambiri.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.