Zambiri ― Chichewa

Porokeratosis ndi khungu losowa kwambiri lomwe limadziwika ndi vuto la keratinization, lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale zigamba zowoneka ngati mphete kapena zotupa pakhungu. Chizindikiro chake pansi pa maikulosikopu ndi kukhalapo kwa cornoid lamella, makonzedwe apadera a maselo pamwamba pa khungu. Porokeratosis imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana (disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, linear porokeratosis) . Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti porokeratosis imatha kukhala khansa yapakhungu. Njira yabwino yodziwira porokeratosis ndi kudzera mu biopsy ya malire okwera, ngakhale pakadali pano palibe njira yokhazikika yamankhwala.
Porokeratosis is an uncommon dermatologic disorder. It is a disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques with an elevated border. It has a distinct histologic hallmark of cornoid lamella, which is a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells in the upper epidermis. There are multiple clinical variants of porokeratosis, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, and linear porokeratosis. Porokeratosis is a precancerous lesion that can undergo malignant transformation. Evaluation of porokeratosis is best with a biopsy of the elevated border. There are no standard guidelines for treatment.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) ndi matenda osokonezeka a keratinization. Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya porokeratosis, ndipo imakhudza madera akuluakulu poyerekeza ndi ena (linear, Mibelli's, punctate, palmoplantar disseminated, superficial porokeratosis) . Mtundu wophulika wa porokeratosis nthawi zambiri umagwirizana ndi khansa, kufooka kwa chitetezo chamthupi, kapena kutupa. Zinthu zowopsa zimaphatikizapo majini, kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, komanso kukhala padzuwa. DSAP imayamba ngati mabampu apinki kapena abulauni okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake komwe kuli dzuwa, nthawi zina kumayambitsa kuyabwa pang'ono. Chithandizo chimasiyanasiyana ndipo chitha kukhala ndi zopaka pamutu, mankhwala opepuka, kapena mankhwala monga 5-fluorouracil kapena retinoids. Zilondazi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zachilendo, ndi 7. 5 - 10 % mwayi wosandulika squamous cell kapena basal cell carcinoma.
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a disease of disordered keratinization. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is one of six variants of porokeratosis. It has more extensive involvement than most other variants. These other variants include linear porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. The eruptive form of porokeratosis is associated with malignancy, immunosuppression, and a proinflammatory state. Risk factors for porokeratosis include genetics, immunosuppression, and ultraviolet light. The lesions in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis start as pink to brown papules and macules with a raised border in sun-exposed areas that can be asymptomatic or slightly pruritic. There are many options for the treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, including topical diclofenac, photodynamic therapy (PDT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, and lasers. These lesions are considered precancerous. There is a 7.5 to 10% risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.

Bambo wina wazaka 52, yemwe kale anali wathanzi, adabwera ndi chigamba chathyathyathya, chokhala ngati mphete kumapeto kwa chala chake chachinayi, chomwe chidakhalapo kwa zaka 2 popanda kuyambitsa zizindikiro. Zinayamba ngati kaphuphu kakang'ono, kolimba ndikukula panja pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale kuyesa mankhwala osiyanasiyana monga cryotherapy, creams, antifungal, ndi maantibayotiki, chigambacho sichinakhale bwino. Kuyang'ana mozama ndi dermocopsy kunawonetsa malo owuma, ofiira okhala ndi malire okhuthala. Kachikopa kakang'ono kotengedwa m'mphepete mwa chigambacho kumasonyeza kukula kwa maselo kunja kwa khungu, kutsimikizira kuti pali porokeratosis of Mibelli.
A 52-year-old man with no past medical history presented with an asymptomatic annular atrophic patch on the distal portion of the fourth toe of 2 years’ duration. The lesion began as a small keratotic papule that gradually enlarged centrifugally. He had received multiple treatments including cryotherapy, topical corticosteroids, antifungals, and antibiotics without improvement. Dermoscopic examination revealed a scaly atrophic erythematous central area with a sharply demarcated peripheral hyperkeratotic structure. A skin biopsy of the edge of the lesion revealed a cornoid lamella with a column of parakeratotic cells extending from an invagination of the epidermis with absence of granular layer. The clinicopathologic correlation was consistent with porokeratosis of Mibelli.