Zambiri ― Chichewa

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ndi khansa yachiwiri yofala kwambiri ku United States, pambuyo pa basal cell carcinoma. Nthawi zambiri imayamba kuchokera ku zotupa za precancerous zotchedwa actinic keratosis, ndipo imatha kufalikira kumadera ena athupi. Choyambitsa chachikulu ndicho kupezeka kwa ultraviolet (UV) kuchokera kudzuwa, chomwe chimawunjika pamene nthawi ikupita. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa opaleshoni, makamaka pa SCC pamutu ndi pakhosi. Thandizo la radiation ndi njira yothandiza odwala okalamba kapena omwe sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Immunosuppression imawonjezera chiopsezo cha SCC. Ngakhale kuti ndi zosowa, SCC imatha kufalikira, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka. Kuwunika pafupifupi komanso kuteteza dzuwa ndizofunikira kwa omwe ali ndi SCC.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer in the United States, behind basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma has precursor lesions called actinic keratosis, exhibits tumor progression and has the potential to metastasize in the body. Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is the primary risk factor in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the cumulative exposure received over a lifetime plays a major part in the development of this cancer. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with Mohs micrographic surgery being the preferred excisional technique for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and in other areas of high risk or squamous cell carcinoma with high-risk characteristics. Radiation therapy is reserved for squamous cell carcinoma in older patients or those who will not tolerate surgery, or when it has not been possible to obtain clear margins surgically. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly after surgical treatment in very high tumors. Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma over the course of an individual’s life. Metastasis is uncommon for squamous cell carcinomas arising in areas of chronic sun exposure, but it can take place, and the risk is increased in immunosuppressed patients. Patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma should be examined regularly and remember to use measures to protect from UV damage.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) ndi khansa yachiwiri yofala kwambiri mwa anthu, ndipo chiwerengero chake chikukwera. Ngakhale kuti CSCC nthawi zambiri imasonyeza khalidwe labwino la chipatala, imatha kufalikira kumaloko komanso kumadera ena a thupi. Asayansi apeza njira zenizeni zomwe zikukhudzana ndi chitukuko cha CSCC, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mankhwala atsopano. Kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la immunosuppressive, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko cha immunotherapy. Ndemanga iyi imayang'ana mizu ya chibadwa cha CSCC ndi mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri omwe amayang'ana mamolekyu apadera komanso chitetezo chamthupi.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and its incidence continues to rise. Although CSCC usually display a benign clinical behavior, it can be both locally invasive and metastatic. The signaling pathways involved in CSCC development have given rise to targetable molecules in recent decades. In addition, the high mutational burden and increased risk of CSCC in patients under immunosuppression were part of the rationale for developing the immunotherapy for CSCC that has changed the therapeutic landscape. This review focuses on the molecular basis of CSCC and the current biology-based approaches of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors