Callus - Kalushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callus
Kalus (Callus) je območje zadebeljene kože, ki nastane kot odziv na ponavljajoče se trenje, pritisk ali drugo draženje. Žulji na splošno niso škodljivi in ​​pomagajo preprečiti nastanek žuljev ter nudijo zaščito. Vendar lahko čezmerna tvorba včasih povzroči druge težave, kot je kožna razjeda ali okužba.

Zdravljenje ― OTC zdravila
Pomembno je, da se prepričate, da ni bradavica.
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  • Žulji so prisotni na levem stopalu (plantarno) in desnem stopalu (lateralno).
  • Corns (calluses) se pojavijo simetrično na obeh stopalih, kjer je pritisk ali kjer čevelj pritiska na stopalo. Če se podobna lezija pojavi na območju brez pritiska, je treba posumiti na bradavico.
References Corns 29262147 
NIH
Corns se razvije zaradi ponavljajočega drgnjenja ali pritiska. Corn je specifično področje zadebeljene kože, medtem ko je callus bolj razširjeno. Corns se pogosto pojavijo pri športnikih ali ljudeh s težavami s stopali, kot je neenakomerno trenje čevljev. Pogosti so tudi pri starejših, diabetikih in amputircih. Corns je treba obravnavati kot simptom in ne kot samostojno stanje.
A corn, also known as a calvus, heloma, or focal intractable plantar hyperkeratosis, is a type of callosity. Corns are uncomfortable, thickened skin lesions that result from repeated mechanical trauma due to friction or pressure forces. In the literature, confusing terminology is often used to call different types of hyperkeratotic skin lesions. Nevertheless, a corn should be distinguished from a callus, which is a more diffuse type of callosity. Thus, a corn is a well-delimited focal area of hyperkeratosis. This condition is often seen in athletes and patients exposed to unequal friction force from footwear or gait problems, including the elderly, patients with diabetes, and amputees. It should be regarded as a symptom rather than an effective disease.
 Clavus 31536205 
NIH
Corn , znan tudi kot klavus, je pogosta bolezen stopal, ki jo opazimo v klinikah. To je zadebeljen predel kože, ki nastane zaradi trenja ali pritiska in je pogosto boleč. Pomembno ga je razlikovati od žuljev ali bradavic. Žulji so podobni, vendar nimajo osrednjega jedra in so manj boleči. Zdravljenje je namenjeno lajšanju simptomov in preprečevanju kurjih očes v prihodnosti. Zdravljenje tega bolečega stanja lahko močno izboljša življenje bolnikov, zlasti starejših ali aktivnih posameznikov.
A clavus or clavi (plural) is a frequently encountered condition in the out-patient clinic, known colloquially as a corn. It is one of the many hyperkeratotic lesions of the foot and therefore requires differentiation from other etiologies such as calluses or plantar warts. A clavus is a well-demarcated thickened area of the epidermis that has a central core. This skin lesion is most commonly found on the foot and is often painful. A clavus results from repeated friction, pressure, or trauma to a specific area of the foot. A callus is another hyperkeratotic skin lesion that is similar to a clavus. It is an area of thickened epidermis with less defined borders and is also the result of repeated mechanical stress. Additionally, calluses lack the painful central core seen with clavi. Calluses most commonly present on the hands and feet. The older and the physically active are most commonly affected by clavi. Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief and lifestyle modification to prevent future clavus formation. By treating this painful and sometimes life-altering skin lesion, physicians can have a profound impact on their patients’ lives.