Lintlha tse ling ― Sesotho

Ho chesa ka holimo (first‑degree burn) ho ama feela lera le ka holimo la letlalo. Licheso tsena li shebahala li le pinki kapa li le khubelu, ha li etse marako, li omme, ‘me li ka ba bohloko. Hangata li fola ka matsatsi a 5 ho isa ho a 10 ntle le ho siea maqeba. Ho chesa ea bobeli (second‑degree burn), ho boetse ho bitsoa partial‑thickness burn, ho ama karolo e ka holimo ea dermis. Mahlaseli a tloaelehile ‘me a ka sala ha a qala ho bonoa. Ka mor’a hore blister e bulehe, letlalo le ka tlas’a lona le khubelu kapa le pinki ‘me le tla ba tšoeu ha le hatelloa. Ho chesa hona ho bohloko. Ka tloaelo ba fola ka mor’a libeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3 ba na le maqeba a fokolang. Ho chesa e tebileng (deep partial‑thickness burn) ho kenyelletsa karolo e tebileng ea dermis e le reticular. Joalo ka ho chesa ea botenya bo sa fellang (full‑thickness burn), tsena li ka ba le makhopho a sa fetoheng. Ha mahlaseli a ntšoa (fourth‑degree burn), letlalo le ka ba le ‘mala o sa tšoaneng’ mme le fetoha le le lebotse ha le hatelloa. Bakuli ba cheso ena ba utloa bohloko bo fokolang, bo ka etsahalang feela ka khatello e tebileng. Ho chesa hona ho ka fola ntle le ho buuoa, empa ho nka nako e telele, ‘me ho lebeletsoe hore ho be le mabali.
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.

Bongata ba licheso li nyane 'me li ka alafshoa lapeng kapa ke bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba lehae ntle le ho hloka ho amoheloa sepetlele. Leha ho le joalo, karolo ena e tla bua ka tlhokomelo e khethehileng le phekolo ea hang‑hang ea bongata ba matla. (Ho fumana lintlha tse ling, sheba likarolo tse mabapi le Burns, Evaluation and Management, le Burns, Thermal.)
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).

Likotsi (burn) ke kotsi ea letlalo e bakwang ke mocheso, leqhoa, motlakase, lik'hemik'hale, ho hula kapa mocheso o tšoaetsoang ke letsatsi (sunburn). Likotsi tse amang feela marulelo a ka holimo a letlalo li bitsoa likotsi tsa pele (first‑degree burns). Li hlaha li le khubelu ntle le lefu, ‘me bohloko bo dula ka matsatsi a likhoeli tse tharo. Ha likotsi li feta lehlakoreng le le ka tlase la letlalo, ke likotsi tsa bobeli (second‑degree burns). Lefoo le theohile ‘me sebaka se atisa ho ba le bohloko bo boholo. Ho phela ho ka nka libeke tse ka bang tse supileng, ‘me ho ka ba le lefu le lekhutsitseng. Likotsi tsa boraro (third‑degree burns) li akaretsa marulelo ohle a letlalo. Boikutlo ba bohloko bo ka se be teng, ‘me sebaka se atisang ho ikutloa se thunya. Likotsi tsa bone (fourth‑degree burns) li boela li senye litsoho tse tebileng joalo ka mesifa, li‑tendon kapa leungo. Likotsi tsena hangata li ba ntsho ‘me li ka lebisa ho lahleheloa ke karolo e amehang. ### Tlhokomelo ― Meriana e rekisoang ntle le prescription (OTC Drugs) - Ho bohlokoa haholo ho se senye lefu le lephutlatsang (blister) le le amehang. Ke serumi (serum) e ka hare ho lefu feela e lokelang ho ntšoa. - Etsa bonnete ba hore gauze kapa li‑dressing ha li arolelane le lefu kapa ho le senya. - Paka likotsi ka bandae e hlwekile ho sireletsa sebaka. Ha lefu le se le felile, sebelisa antibiotic e e latelang letlalo (topical antibiotic) kapa siliva sulfadiazine 1 % (Silver sulfadiazine 1% cream) (Silmazine). - Sebelisa NSAIDs (non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs), acetaminophen (paracetamol), kapa antihistamine e rekisoang ntle le prescription ho fokotsa ho lla le bohloko. #### Antibiotic e e latelang letlalo - Bacitracin - Siliva sulfadiazine 1 % cream #### Lihlopha tsa ho fokotsa bohloko - Ibuprofen - Naproxen - Acetaminophen (paracetamol) #### Antihistamine (e rekisoang ntle le prescription) - Cetirizine (Zytec) - Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Levocetirizine (Xyzal) - Fexofenadine (Allegra) - Loratadine (Claritin)
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.