Urticaria
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References
Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment 28671445Urticaria, hangata e bakiloe ke ho hlohlona, ’me ka linako tse ling ho ruruha ha likarolo tse tebileng tsa letlalo. Hangata e laoloa ka ho qoba lintho tse bakang ho hlohlona, haeba li tsejoa. Kalafo ea mantlha e kenyelletsa li‑antihistamine tsa H1 tsa moloko oa bobeli, tse ka fetoloang ho litekanyetso tse phahameng ha ho hlokahala. Ho phaella moo, meriana e meng e kang li‑antihistamine tsa H1 tsa moloko oa pele, li‑antihistamine tsa H2, li‑antihistamine tsa leukotriene, li‑antihistamine tse matla, le li‑corticosteroids tse khutšoanyane li ka sebelisoa hammoho. Bakeng sa linyeoe tse phehellang, ho ka nahanoa ho fetisetsoa ho litsebi bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea phekolo e kang omalizumab kapa cyclosporine.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Urticaria and Angioedema: an Update on Classification and Pathogenesis 28748365
Chronic Urticaria 32310370 NIH
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
Angioedema 30860724 NIH
Angioedema ke ho ruruha ho sa tloheng sekoti ha ho hatelloa, ho hlaha ka tlas'a letlalo kapa lera la mucous. Hangata e ama libaka tse kang sefahleho, molomo, molala le maoto le matsoho, hammoho le molomo, 'metso le mala. E ba kotsi ha e ama 'metso, e ka bakang boemo bo sokelang bophelo.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
Thibelo ke ka ho qoba se etsang boemo boo. Kalafo e atisa ho sebelisoa li-antihistamine tse kang diphenhydramine le ranitidine. Maemong a boima, corticosteroids kapa leukotriene inhibitors li ka sebelisoa. Ho boloka mocheso oa tikoloho o pholile le ho nka nakoana ho thusa. Bakeng sa linyeoe tse nkang libeke tse fetang tse tšeletseng, ho ka sebelisoa li-immunosuppressants tse kang cyclosporin.
Ke lefu le tloaelehileng kaha batho ba ka bang 20 % ba amehile. Linyeoe tsa acute urticaria li etsahala ka ho lekana ho banna le basali, ha maemo a nako e telele a atile haholo ho basali. Linyeoe tsa acute urticaria li atile haholo ho bana, ha linyeoe tsa nako e telele li atile haholo ho batho ba lilemong tse bohareng. Haeba lefu le nka likhoeli tse fetang 2, hangata le nka lilemo ebe le fela.
○ Kalafo - Lithethefatsi tsa OTC
Acute urticaria hangata e felisoa ka mor’a beke, empa urticaria e sa foleng e ka nka lilemo tse ngata le hoja boholo ba eona bo fokolang ka nako. Tabeng ea urticaria e sa foleng, ho khothaletsoa ho nka antihistamine kamehla le ho emela ho fihlela e fokotse.
Li-antihistamine tsa OTC. Cetirizine kapa levocetirizine li sebetsa ho feta fexofenadine, empa li ka baka ho otseha.
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
Bakeng sa urticaria e sa foleng, li-antihistamine tse sa otseleng tse kang fexofenadine li khethoa.
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]