Alopecia areatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_areata
Alopecia areata ni hali iliyojanibishwa ambapo nywele hupotea kutoka kwa mwili. Mara nyingi husababisha maeneo machache ya upungufu wa nywele (bald) kwenye kichwa, kila moja ikijulikana kama ukubwa wa sarafu. Ugonjwa huo unaweza kusababishwa na mafadhaiko ya kisaikolojia.

Alopecia areata inaaminika kuwa ugonjwa wa autoimmune unaohusiana na mfumo wa kinga wa follicles ya nywele. Utaratibu wa msingi unahusisha kushindwa kwa mfumo wa kinga kutambua seli za mwenyeji, na uharibifu unaofuata wa follicle za nywele.

○ Matibabu - Dawa za OTC
Baadhi ya watu walio na alopecia areata kidogo hupona ndani ya mwaka mmoja bila matibabu. Hata hivyo, watu wengi hupata matukio ya kurudiarudia kwenye maeneo ya ngozi ya kichwa.
#Hydrocortisone cream

○ Matibabu
Sindano za intralesional steroid ni matibabu ya ufanisi zaidi. Immunotherapy inaweza kujaribiwa ikiwa maeneo makubwa ya kichwa yanaathiriwa.
#Triamcinolone intralesional injection
#DPCP immunotherapy
☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Alopecia areata inaonekana nyuma ya kichwa. Katika hali ya kawaida, inaonekana ghafla na uso laini kabisa na ukubwa wa cm 2-3.
  • Kupoteza nywele nyingi kwenye mviringo
References Alopecia areata 28300084 
NIH
Alopecia areata ni hali ambapo mfumo wako wa kinga hushambulia vinyweleo vyako, na kusababisha nywele kukatika kwa muda bila dalili za uvimbe. Inaweza kuonekana kama madoa ya upotezaji wa nywele au kuathiri ngozi ya kichwa au mwili mzima, na inagusa takriban 2 % ya watu katika hatua fulani ya maisha. Msingi wa hali hii unaonekana kuwa ni kuvunjika kwa ulinzi wa asili karibu na follicles ya nywele.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder characterized by transient, non-scarring hair loss and preservation of the hair follicle. Hair loss can take many forms ranging from loss in well-defined patches to diffuse or total hair loss, which can affect all hair-bearing sites. Patchy alopecia areata affecting the scalp is the most common type. Alopecia areata affects nearly 2% of the general population at some point during their lifetime. A breakdown of immune privilege of the hair follicle is thought to be an important driver of alopecia areata.
 Alopecia Areata: An Updated Review for 2023 37340563 
NIH
Alopecia areata ni hali ya mfumo wa kinga kushambulia vinyweleo, hivyo kusababisha kukatika kwa nywele kichwani na sehemu nyingine za mwili zenye nywele. Inaathiri karibu 2% ya watu ulimwenguni kote. Ingawa inaweza kutokea katika umri wowote, hutokea zaidi kwa watoto kuliko watu wazima (1.92% vs. 1.47%). Wanawake, hasa zaidi ya umri wa 50, huwa na uzoefu zaidi kuliko wanaume. Kudunga dawa za corticosteroid(kotikosteroidi) moja kwa moja kwenye maeneo yaliyoathiriwa kumeonyesha matokeo bora zaidi kuliko kuzitumia kwenye ngozi.
Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated condition leading to non-scarring alopecia of the scalp and other hair-bearing areas of the body. It affects up to 2% of the global population. It can affect all ages, but the prevalence appears higher in children compared to adults (1.92%, 1.47%). A greater incidence has been reported in females than males, especially in patients with late-onset disease, defined as age greater than 50 years. Intralesional injection of corticosteroids has been reported to lead to better responses compared to topical steroids.