Alopecia areatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia_areata
Alopecia areata ni hali iliyojanibishwa ambapo nywele hupotea kutoka kwa mwili. Mara nyingi husababisha upungufu mdogo wa nywele kwenye kichwa, kila moja ukubwa wa sarafu. Ugonjwa huo unaweza kusababishwa na mafadhaiko ya kisaikolojia.

Alopecia areata inaaminika kuwa ugonjwa wa autoimmune unaohusiana na mfumo wa kinga wa follicles ya nywele. Utaratibu wa msingi unahusisha kushindwa kwa mwili kutambua seli zake, na uharibifu unaofuata wa follicle ya nywele.

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Baadhi ya watu walio na alopecia areata kidogo hupona ndani ya mwaka mmoja bila matibabu. Hata hivyo, watu wengi hupata matukio ya kujirudia kwenye ngozi ya kichwa.
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Sindano za intralesional steroid ni matibabu yenye ufanisi zaidi. Immunotherapy inaweza kujaribiwa ikiwa maeneo makubwa ya kichwa yanahusika.
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  • Alopecia areata inaonekana nyuma ya kichwa. Kwa kawaida, hujitokeza ghafla, uso huwa laini kabisa, na ukubwa wa kipande ni sentimita 2–3.
  • Kupoteza nywele nyingi za mviringo
References Alopecia areata 28300084 
NIH
Alopecia areata ni hali ambapo mfumo wako wa kinga hushambulia vinywele vyako, na kusababisha nywele kukatika kwa muda bila sababu. Inaweza kuonekana kama mabaka ya upotevu wa nywele au kuathiri ngozi yako yote ya kichwa au mwili, na inaathiri takriban 2 % ya watu katika baadhi ya hatua za maisha. Sababu kuu inaonekana kuwa ni kuvunjika kwa ulinzi wa asili karibu na follicles ya nywele.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder characterized by transient, non-scarring hair loss and preservation of the hair follicle. Hair loss can take many forms ranging from loss in well-defined patches to diffuse or total hair loss, which can affect all hair-bearing sites. Patchy alopecia areata affecting the scalp is the most common type. Alopecia areata affects nearly 2% of the general population at some point during their lifetime. A breakdown of immune privilege of the hair follicle is thought to be an important driver of alopecia areata.
 Alopecia Areata: An Updated Review for 2023 37340563 
NIH
Alopecia areata ni hali ya mfumo wa kinga kushambulia vinyweleo, hivyo kusababisha kukatika kwa nywele kichwani na sehemu nyingine za mwili zenye nywele. Inaathiri karibu 2 % ya watu ulimwenguni kote. Ingawa inaweza kutokea katika umri wowote, hutokea zaidi kwa watoto kuliko watu wazima (1.92 % vs. 1.47 %). Wanawake, hasa wale walio na umri zaidi ya 50, huwa na uzoefu zaidi kuliko wanaume. Kudunga dawa za corticosteroid(kotikosteroidi) moja kwa moja kwenye maeneo yaliyoathiriwa huonyesha matokeo bora zaidi kuliko kuzitumia kwenye mada.
Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated condition leading to non-scarring alopecia of the scalp and other hair-bearing areas of the body. It affects up to 2% of the global population. It can affect all ages, but the prevalence appears higher in children compared to adults (1.92%, 1.47%). A greater incidence has been reported in females than males, especially in patients with late-onset disease, defined as age greater than 50 years. Intralesional injection of corticosteroids has been reported to lead to better responses compared to topical steroids.