Burn
☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
Kuungua kwa kiwango cha pili: Ikiwa malengelenge yapo, kuungua huainishwa kama daraja la pili.
References
Kuungua kwa juu juu (shahada ya kwanza) huathiri tu safu ya juu ya ngozi. Michomo hii inaonekana ya waridi au nyekundu, haifanyi malengelenge, ni kavu, na inaweza kuumiza kwa kiasi fulani. Kawaida huponya ndani ya siku 5 hadi 10 bila kuacha makovu. Kuungua kwa kiwango cha pili, pia huitwa kuungua kwa unene wa juu juu, huathiri safu ya nje ya sehemu ya ndani ya ngozi. Malengelenge ni ya kawaida na yanaweza kubaki yanapoonekana mara ya kwanza. Baada ya malengelenge kufunguliwa, ngozi ya chini ni nyekundu au nyekundu na itageuka kuwa nyeupe inapobonyeza. Hizi nzito ni chungu. Kawaida huponya baada ya wiki 2 hadi 3 na kovu ndogo. Kuungua kwa unene wa sehemu kunahusisha sehemu ya ndani ya safu ya ndani ya ngozi. Kama vile kuchomwa kwa unene wa juu juu, hizi zinaweza kuwa na malengelenge kamili. Wakati malengelenge yanapoondolewa, ngozi ya chini yake huwa na rangi isiyosawazisha na hubadilika kuwa nyeupe polepole inapobonyezwa. Wagonjwa walio na majeraha haya ya moto huhisi maumivu kidogo, ambayo yanaweza kutokea tu kwa shinikizo kubwa. Hizi nzito zinaweza kuponya bila upasuaji, lakini inachukua muda mrefu, na makovu yanatarajiwa.
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
Wengi wa majeraha ya moto ni madogo na yanaweza kutibiwa nyumbani au na watoa huduma za afya wa ndani bila kuhitaji kulazwa hospitalini. Hata hivyo, sura hii itashughulikia hasa huduma ya haraka na matibabu ya kuchoma kali. (Kwa maelezo zaidi, rejelea sehemu za Kuungua, Tathmini na Usimamizi, na Kuchoma, Joto.)
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
Majeraha ya moto mara nyingi hayazingatiwi lakini yanaweza kusababisha madhara makubwa na hata kifo. Kuungua sana husababisha athari changamano za mwili, ikiwa ni pamoja na majibu ya kinga, mabadiliko ya kimetaboliki, na mshtuko, ambayo inaweza kuwa vigumu kutibu na inaweza kusababisha kushindwa kwa viungo vingi.
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Michomo inayoathiri tu tabaka za juu za ngozi hujulikana kama michomo ya juu juu au ya kiwango cha kwanza. Wanaonekana nyekundu bila malengelenge na maumivu hudumu karibu siku tatu.
Jeraha linapoenea hadi kwenye safu ya ngozi ya chini, ni unene wa sehemu au kiwango cha pili cha kuchoma. Malengelenge huwa mara kwa mara na mara nyingi huwa na uchungu sana. Uponyaji unaweza kuhitaji hadi wiki nane na makovu yanaweza kutokea.
Katika unene kamili au kuchoma kwa kiwango cha tatu, jeraha linaenea kwa tabaka zote za ngozi. Mara nyingi hakuna maumivu na eneo la kuteketezwa ni ngumu.
Kuungua kwa kiwango cha nne pia kunahusisha kuumia kwa tishu za ndani zaidi, kama vile misuli, tendons, au mfupa. Kuchoma mara nyingi ni nyeusi na mara kwa mara husababisha kupoteza sehemu iliyochomwa.
○ Matibabu - Dawa za OTC
Ni muhimu sana si kuvunja malengelenge kwenye eneo lililochomwa. Ni vizuri kumwaga seramu tu kwenye malengelenge. Uangalifu lazima uchukuliwe ili kuzuia shashi au vazi kushikamana na malengelenge na kupasuka au kuiondoa.
Funika sehemu iliyoungua kwa bandeji safi ili kulinda eneo lililoathiriwa. Ikiwa malengelenge tayari yamepungua, dawa za antibiotiki au silver sulfadiazine 1% cream (Silmazine) zitumike. Kuchukua NSAIDs, acetaminophen, na antihistamines za OTC ili kupunguza kuvimba na maumivu.
Antibiotics ya mada
#Bacitracin
#Silver sulfadiazine 1% cream
Dawa ya kutuliza maumivu
#Ibuprofen
#Naproxen
#Acetaminophen
#OTC antihistamine
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]