Burnhttps://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeraha_la_moto
Kuungua ni jeraha kwa ngozi linalosababishwa na joto, baridi, umeme, kemikali, msuguano au mionzi ya urujuanimno kama vile kuchomwa na jua.

Michomo inayoathiri tu tabaka za juu za ngozi hujulikana kama michomo ya kiwango cha kwanza au ya kiwango cha kwanza. Wanaonekana nyekundu bila malengelenge na maumivu hudumu karibu siku tatu.

Jeraha linapoenea hadi kwenye safu ya ngozi ya chini, ni unene wa sehemu au kiwango cha pili cha kuchoma. Malengelenge huwa mara kwa mara na mara nyingi huwa na uchungu sana. Uponyaji unaweza kuhitaji hadi wiki nane na makovu yanaweza kutokea.

Katika unene kamili au kuchoma kwa kiwango cha tatu, jeraha linaenea kwa tabaka zote za ngozi. Mara nyingi hakuna maumivu na eneo la kuteketezwa ni ngumu.

Kuungua kwa kiwango cha nne pia kunahusisha kuumia kwa tishu za ndani zaidi, kama vile misuli, tendons, au mfupa. Kuchoma mara nyingi ni nyeusi na mara kwa mara husababisha kupoteza sehemu iliyochomwa.

○ Matibabu - Dawa za OTC
Ni muhimu sana si kuvunja malengelenge kwenye eneo lililochomwa. Ni vizuri kumwaga seramu tu kwenye malengelenge. Uangalifu lazima uchukuliwe ili kuzuia shashi au vazi kushikamana na malengelenge na kupasuka au kuiondoa.
Funika sehemu iliyoungua kwa bandeji safi ili kulinda eneo lililoathiriwa. Ikiwa malengelenge tayari yamepungua, dawa za antibiotiki au silver sulfadiazine 1% cream (Silmazine) zitumike. Kuchukua NSAIDs, acetaminophen, na antihistamines za OTC ili kupunguza kuvimba na maumivu.

Antibiotics ya ngozi
#Bacitracin
#Silver sulfadiazine 1% cream

Dawa ya kutuliza maumivu
#Ibuprofen
#Naproxen
#Acetaminophen

#OTC antihistamine
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
☆ AI Dermatology — Free Service
Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Kuungua kwa kiwango cha pili: Ikiwa malengelenge yapo, kuungua huainishwa kama daraja la pili.
  • Kuungua kwa kiwango cha pili na malengelenge: Kutoa tu seramu ndani na kuweka malengelenge sawa kunaweza kusaidia katika uponyaji wa kidonda.
  • kuchoma kwa kiwango cha 3
  • Ingawa kuungua kunaweza kuonekana kidogo mwanzoni, kidonda kinaweza kuwa mbaya zaidi baada ya siku moja au mbili.
  • Kuchomwa na jua: Kuwa mwangalifu na maendeleo ya melanoma katika siku zijazo.
  • 2nd-degree major burn
  • Kuchomwa na jua: Kuchomwa na jua mara kwa mara huongeza hatari ya kupata melanoma katika siku zijazo.
References Burn Classification 30969595 
NIH
Kuungua daraja la kwanza (first-degree burn) huathiri tu safu ya juu ya ngozi. Maumbo haya yanaonekana nyekundu, hayana malengelenge, ni kavu, na maumivu huwa yanadumu takriban siku tatu. Kawaida hupona bila makovu ndani ya siku 5 hadi 10. Kuungua daraja la pili (second-degree burn) huathiri safu ya nje ya sehemu ya ndani ya ngozi. Malengelenge ni ya kawaida na yanaweza kubaki. Baada ya malengelenge kufunguliwa, ngozi ya chini inaonekana nyekundu au pinki na itageuka kuwa nyeupe inapobonyeza. Maumivu huwa makali. Kupona kunaweza kuchukua hadi wiki 2 hadi 3 na makovu madogo. Kuungua daraja la tatu (third-degree burn) husababisha uharibifu wa safu zote za ngozi. Maumivu yanaweza kutokuwepo, na eneo lililoungua linaweza kuhisi ugumu. Kuungua daraja la nne (fourth-degree burn) husababisha uharibifu wa tishu za ndani kama misuli, misuli ya tendoni, au mfupa. Kuungua huwa mweusi na mara nyingi husababisha kupoteza sehemu iliyogonjwa.
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
 Burn Resuscitation and Management 28613546 
NIH
Wengi wa majeraha ya moto ni madogo na yanaweza kutibiwa nyumbani au na watoa huduma za afya wa ndani bila kuhitaji kulazwa hospitalini. Hata hivyo, sura hii itashughulikia hasa huduma ya haraka na matibabu ya kuchoma kali. (Kwa maelezo zaidi, rejelea sehemu za Kuungua, Tathmini na Usimamizi, na Kuchoma, Joto.)
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
 Burn injury 32054846 
NIH
Majeraha ya moto mara nyingi hayazingatiwi lakini yanaweza kusababisha madhara makubwa na hata kifo. Kuungua sana husababisha athari za kimwili, ikiwa ni pamoja na majibu ya kinga, mabadiliko ya kimetaboliki, na mshtuko, ambayo inaweza kuwa ngumu kutibu na inaweza kusababisha kushindwa kwa viungo vingi.
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.