Drug eruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_eruption
Drug eruption ni athari mbaya ya dawa kwenye ngozi. Athari nyingi za ngozi zinazotokana na dawa huwa hafifu na hutoweka baada ya kuondoa dawa husika. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya magonjwa makubwa yanaweza kuhusishwa na uharibifu wa viungo kama vile ini au figo. Madawa ya kulevya pia yanaweza kusababisha mabadiliko ya nywele na misumari, kuathiri tabaka la mucous, au kusababisha kuwasha bila mabadiliko ya nje ya ngozi.

Mlipuko wa madawa ya kulevya hutambuliwa hasa kwa kuzingatia historia ya matibabu na uchunguzi wa kliniki. Biopsy ya ngozi, vipimo vya damu, au vipimo vya kinga vinaweza pia kuwa muhimu.

Mifano ya dawa za kawaida zinazosababisha mlipuko huo ni viua vijasumu, dawa zingine za kuzuia vijidudu, dawa za salfa, dawa zisizo za steroidal za kuzuia uchochezi (NSAIDs), dawa za kidini kwa magonjwa mabaya, anticonvulsants, na dawa za kisaikolojia.

Uchunguzi na Tiba
Ikiwa una homa (kuongezeka kwa joto la mwili), unapaswa kutafuta matibabu haraka iwezekanavyo. Dawa inayosababisha athari inapaswa kukomeshwa (kwa mfano, antibiotics, dawa zisizo za steroidal za kuzuia uchochezi). Kabla ya kwenda hospitalini, antihistamine ya mdomo kama cetirizine au loratadine inaweza kusaidia kupunguza kuwasha na upele.
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]

Jaribio la damu (CBC, LFT, hesabu ya eosinophil)
Steroids ya mdomo na antihistamines kwa maagizo ya daktari

☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Drug eruption ina sifa ya kuathiri mwili mzima.
  • Katika hali ambapo inaathiri sana mwili, utambuzi wa Drug eruption unapaswa kuzingatiwa badala ya ugonjwa wa ngozi unaosababishwa na mawasiliano.
  • AGEP (Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis) ni aina ya upele wa dawa.
References Current Perspectives on Severe Drug Eruption 34273058 
NIH
Athari za ngozi zinazosababishwa na dawa, zinazojulikana kama milipuko ya dawa, wakati mwingine zinaweza kuwa kali. Matendo haya makali, yanayoitwa severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), yanachukuliwa kuwa yanatishia maisha. Zinajumuisha hali kama Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), na drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Ingawa SCARs ni nadra, karibu 2% ya wagonjwa wanaolazwa hospitalini wanazipata.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
 Fixed drug eruption - Case reports 35918090 
NIH
Mwanamke mwenye umri wa miaka 31 alitembelea idara ya ngozi akiwa na eneo nyekundu lisilo na maumivu juu ya mguu wake wa kulia. Alikuwa amechukua dozi moja ya doxycycline (miligramu 100) siku moja kabla ya matibabu ya laser ya picosecond kwa makovu ya chunusi. Mwaka jana, alipata tatizo sawa katika eneo moja baada ya matibabu ya laser baada ya doxycycline. Hana historia muhimu ya matibabu, wala hana dalili nyingine kama homa, maumivu ndani ya mwili, au dalili nyingine.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 29083827 
NIH
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) na toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) ni aina mbili za athari mbaya ya ngozi, tofauti na hali nyingine za ngozi kama vile erythema multiforme, ugonjwa wa ngozi wa staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, pamoja na athari za madawa ya kulevya. SJS/TEN ni mmenyuko nadra na kali unaosababisha uharibifu mkubwa wa ngozi na utando wa mucous, mara nyingi unaonyesha dalili za utaratibu. Katika zaidi ya 80 % ya kesi, dawa ndiyo chanzo.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome­, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.