Granuloma annularehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma_annulare
Granuloma annulare ni ugonjwa sugu wa ngozi ambao hujidhihirisha kama vipele vyekundu kwenye ngozi vilivyopangwa katika mduara au pete. Hapo awali inaweza kutokea katika umri wowote, ingawa the majority ya wagonjwa wana umri wa chini ya miaka 30, na inaonekana mara nyingi kwa watoto na vijana.

Kwa sababu granuloma annulare kwa kawaida matibabu ya awali yasiyo na dalili kwa ujumla huwa ni steriodi za ndani. Ikiwa haijaboreshwa na matibabu ya juu, inaweza kutibiwa kwa sindano za intradermal za steroids.

○ Matibabu
Inaweza kutolewa kwa sindano 3 hadi 5 za intralesional steroid katika vipindi vya mwezi mmoja.
#Triamcinolone intralesional injection
☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Perforating form of Granuloma annulare ― Mojawapo ya maeneo ya kawaida ni upande wa mgongo wa mkono. Kawaida inaonekana kama papules zisizo na dalili.
  • Tinea corporis na erythema annulare centrifugum zinaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa utambuzi tofauti.
  • Ina sifa ya lesion ngumu, yenye umbo la annular. Hakuna dalili kama vile kuwasha au maumivu.
References Granuloma Annulare 29083715 
NIH
Granuloma annulare ni hali ya ngozi inayojulikana kwa makundi ya vinundu. Haihusishiwi na maambukizo na ni ugonjwa wa kawaida usioambukiza wa aina ya granulomatous. Kawaida ni haraka, mara nyingi hutobatika peke yake. Kwa kawaida utaona mabaka mekundu, yenye umbo la pete au matuta, kwenye mikono na miguu. Kuna aina tofauti – localized (ya kawaida zaidi), generalized (ya jumla), perforating (ya upitishaji), patch (ya madoa), subcutaneous (ya chini ya ngozi) variants. Ingawa kwa kawaida si jambo kubwa, wakati mwingine inaweza kuhusishwa na hali ngumu zaidi kama vile VVU au saratani.
Granuloma annulare is a cutaneous granulomatous disease that is not caused by an infection. It is the most common non-infectious granulomatous disease. The disease is benign and often self-limited. Granuloma annulare usually presents as erythematous plaques or papules arranged in an annular configuration on the upper extremities. In addition to the more common presentation, termed localized granuloma annulare, other clinical variants of granuloma annulare include generalized, perforating, patch, and subcutaneous. Despite being a benign disease, it can be associated with more serious conditions such as HIV or malignancy.
 Granuloma Annulare: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Options 34495491 
NIH
Granuloma annulare (GA) ni hali ya ngozi inayojulikana kwa kuvimba na granuloma. Inaweza kutokea katika fomu za ndani au zinazosambaa. Fomu zinazosambaa si za kawaida sana (patch, perforating, subcutaneous subtypes).
Granuloma annulare (GA) is an inflammatory granulomatous skin disease that can be localized (localized GA) or disseminated (generalized GA), with patch, perforating, and subcutaneous subtypes being less common variants of this benign condition.