Lupus erythematosushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus
Lupus erythematosus ni ugonjwa wa kingamwili ambapo mfumo wa kinga ya mwili hushambulia kimakosa tishu zenye afya katika sehemu nyingi za mwili. Dalili za kawaida ni pamoja na viungo kuuma na kuvimba, homa, maumivu ya kifua, kukatika kwa nywele, vidonda vya mdomoni, kuvimba kwa nodi za limfu, uchovu, na upele mwekundu ambao mara nyingi huonekana usoni. Wanawake wa umri wa kuzaa huathirika mara tisa, mara nyingi zaidi kuliko wanaume. Ugonjwa huu huwa huanza kati ya umri wa miaka 15 na 45.

Sababu ya lupus erythematosus haijulikani wazi. Miongoni mwa vigezo vinavyofanana, ikiwa mmoja ameathiriwa kuna uwezekano wa 24 % na mwingine pia. Homoni za ngono za kike, mwanga wa jua, uvutaji sigara, upungufu wa vitamini D, na maambukizo fulani pia yanahusishwa na kuongeza hatari.

Matibabu yanaweza kujumuisha NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine, na methotrexate. Ingawa corticosteroids ni mazuri, matumizi ya muda mrefu husababisha madhara.

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  • Tofauti na picha hii, tabia hii ni ya kawaida zaidi katika ugonjwa huo kutokea kwenye uso kuliko kwenye torso.
  • Inaonekana kama erythema ya rangi ya zambarau kidogo.
  • Upele wa kipepeo, ambao kwa kawaida huonekana usoni.
  • Kawaida inaonekana katika maeneo yenye jua na inaonekana kama kovu.
  • Discoid lupus erythematosus (Lupus discoide)
  • Erysipelas ya uso
References Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Progress and Challenges 32248318 
NIH
Kutambua na kuainisha cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) huleta changamoto za uchunguzi, kuitofautisha na systemic lupus erythematosus, pamoja na usumbufu wa ngozi. Tafiti za hivi majuzi zimeangazia vipengele vya kijeni, kimazingira, na kinga vinavyohusishwa na CLE. Uingizaji wa madawa ya kulevya umeibuka kama mojawapo ya vichochezi muhimu zaidi vya CLE. Matibabu yanajumuisha tiba ya kimaadili na kimfumo, ikijumuisha biologics (belimumab, rituximab, ustekinumab, anifrolumab, BIIB059) ambazo zimeonyesha ufanisi katika majaribio ya kimatibabu.
Diagnostic challenges exist in better defining cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) as an independent disease distinct from systemic lupus erythematosus with cutaneous features and further classifying CLE based on clinical, histological, and laboratory features. Recent mechanistic studies revealed more genetic variations, environmental triggers, and immunologic dysfunctions that are associated with CLE. Drug induction specifically has emerged as one of the most important triggers for CLE. Treatment options include topical agents and systemic therapies, including newer biologics such as belimumab, rituximab, ustekinumab, anifrolumab, and BIIB059 that have shown good clinical efficacy in trials.
 Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Diagnosis and treatment 24238695 
NIH
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) inashughulikia masuala mbalimbali ya ngozi, ambayo baadhi yanaweza kuhusisha matatizo mapana ya kiafya. Imepangwa katika aina tofauti, kama vile acute CLE (ACLE), sub‑acute CLE (SCLE) na chronic CLE (CCLE). CCLE inajumuisha discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), LE profundus (LEP), chilblain cutaneous lupus na lupus tumidus.
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) encompasses a wide range of dermatologic manifestations, which may or may not be associated with the development of systemic disease. Cutaneous lupus is divided into several sub-types, including acute CLE (ACLE), sub-acute CLE (SCLE) and chronic CLE (CCLE). CCLE includes discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), LE profundus (LEP), chilblain cutaneous lupus and lupus tumidus.
 Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Pathogenesis and Future Therapeutic Directions 37140884 
NIH
Lupus erythematosus ni kundi la magonjwa ya autoimmune ambayo yanaweza kuathiri sehemu mbalimbali za mwili. Baadhi ya aina, kama vile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), huathiri viungo vingi; wakati mwingine, kama cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), huathiri hasa ngozi. Tunapanga aina tofauti za CLE kulingana na mchanganyiko wa ishara za kliniki, uchunguzi wa tishu, na vipimo vya damu, lakini kuna tofauti nyingi kati ya watu binafsi. Matatizo ya ngozi mara nyingi hujitokeza kutokana na sababu kama vile mwanga wa jua, uvutaji sigara, au dawa fulani.
Lupus erythematosus comprises a spectrum of autoimmune diseases that may affect various organs (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]) or the skin only (cutaneous lupus erythematosus [CLE]). Typical combinations of clinical, histological and serological findings define clinical subtypes of CLE, yet there is high interindividual variation. Skin lesions arise in the course of triggers such as ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, smoking or drugs