Onychomycosis - Ukucha Kuvuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis
Ukucha Kuvu (Onychomycosis) ni maambukizi ya fangasi kwenye kucha. Dalili zinaweza kujumuisha rangi nyeupe au njano ya msumari, unene wa msumari, na kutenguka kwa msumari kutoka kitanda cha msumari. Kucha za vidole zinaweza kuathiriwa, ingawa kawaida zaidi ni vidole. Matatizo yanaweza kujumuisha cellulitis ya mguu wa chini. Aina mbalimbali za fangasi zinaweza kusababisha ukucha kuvu (onychomycosis), ikijumuisha dermatophytes. Sababu hatari ni pamoja na mguu wa mwanariadha, magonjwa mengine ya misumari, maambukizi yanayotokana na mtu aliye na hali hiyo, ugonjwa wa mishipa ya pembeni, na utendaji duni wa kinga.

Dawa ya antifungal, terbinafine, inayochukuliwa kwa mdomo inaonekana kuwa yenye ufanisi zaidi, ingawa terbinafine inahusishwa na athari ya ini.

ukucha kuvu (onychomycosis) hutokea katika takriban asilimia 10 ya watu wazima, huku watu wazee wakiathirika zaidi. Wanaume huathiriwa zaidi kuliko wanawake. ukucha kuvu (onychomycosis) inawakilisha takriban nusu ya magonjwa ya kucha. Hii ina maana kwamba ulemavu wa kucha unaweza kusababishwa pia na sababu nyingine isipokuwa onychomycosis.

○ Matibabu - Dawa za OTC
Ni vigumu kutibu onychomycosis na dawa za juu kwa sababu ni vigumu kwa madawa ya kulevya kupenya misumari yenye nene.
#Ketoconazole
#Clotrimazole
#Miconazole
#Terbinafine
#Butenafine [Lotrimin]
#Tolnaftate

○ Matibabu
Matibabu ya muda mrefu huhitajika hadi ukucha ulioambukizwa utolewe nje kabisa.
#Terbinafine (oral)
#Itraconazole
#Efinaconazole lacquer [Jublia]
#Ciclopirox lacquer
☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Ukucha ulioathiriwa na Ukucha Kuvu (Onychomycosis)
  • Mguu wa mtu mwenye maambukizi ya ukucha wiki kumi baada ya kozi ya dawa ya kumeza ya terbinafine. Kumbuka bendi ya ukuaji wa misumari yenye afya nyuma ya misumari iliyobaki iliyoambukizwa.
  • Kesi ya maambukizi ya fangasi kwenye kidole gumba cha mguu.
References Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment 24364524
Antifungals ya utaratibu ni matibabu bora zaidi. Uchambuzi wa meta unaonyesha viwango vya tiba ya mycotic kama ifuatavyo: terbinafine = 76 %, itraconazole with pulse dosing = 63 %, itraconazole with continuous dosing = 59 %, fluconazole = 48 %. Uharibifu wa kucha, wakati huo huo, huongeza viwango vya tiba. Tiba ya mada na ciclopirox haina ufanisi; ina kiwango cha kushindwa kinazidi 60 %.
Systemic antifungals are the most effective treatment. Meta-analyses shows mycotic cure rates as follows: terbinafine = 76%, itraconazole with pulse dosing = 63%, itraconazole with continuous dosing = 59%, fluconazole =48%. Concomitant nail debridement further increases cure rates. Topical therapy with ciclopirox is less effective; it has a failure rate exceeding 60%.
 Onychomycosis 28722883 
NIH
Onychomycosis ni maambukizi ya fangasi yanayoathiri misumari. Inaposababishwa na dermatophytes, huitwa tinea unguium. Onychomycosis inajumuisha maambukizi yanayosababishwa na dermatophytes, chachu, na mold. Tatizo la kucha lisilosababishwa na maambukizi ya fangasi huitwa nail dystrophy. Ingawa inaweza kuathiri kucha na vidole, onychomycosis ya ukucha ndiyo inayojulikana zaidi. Nakala hii inajadili nyanja mbalimbali za onychomycosis ya ukucha, ikijumuisha sababu, aina za kliniki, hatua, utambuzi, na matibabu. Ingawa si hatari kwa maisha, onychomycosis inaweza kusababisha matatizo makubwa kama selulosi, sepsis, maambukizi ya mifupa, uharibifu wa tishu, na kupoteza misumari.
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. When dermatophytes cause onychomycosis, this condition is called tinea unguium. The term onychomycosis encompasses the dermatophytes, yeasts, and saprophytic mold infections. An abnormal nail not caused by a fungal infection is a dystrophic nail. Onychomycosis can infect both fingernails and toenails, but onychomycosis of the toenail is much more prevalent. Discussed in detail in this activity are all evolving facets of the topic, including disease burden, clinical types, staging, diagnosis, and management of toenail onychomycosis. While non-life-threatening, onychomycosis can lead to severe complications such as cellulitis, sepsis, osteomyelitis, tissue damage, and nail loss.
 Terbinafine 31424802 
NIH
Terbinafine ni dawa inayopambana na magonjwa ya fangasi kwa kuzuia squalene epoxidase. Inafaa dhidi ya aina nyingi za fangasi wa ngozi na imeidhinishwa kutibu ukucha inapochukuliwa kwa mdomo. Ingawa madhara mengi kama vile maumivu ya kichwa na matatizo ya tumbo ni madogo na huenda yatapungua mwenyewe, mabadiliko ya ladha (dysgeusia) yanaweza kutofautiana kutoka kidogo hadi kali, wakati mwingine husababisha kupoteza uzito. Mabadiliko ya ladha ya kudumu ni nadra lakini yameripotiwa.
Terbinafine is an antifungal medication that works through the inhibition of squalene epoxidase. It has activity against most dermatophytes, and it has approval for use as an oral therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis. Although most side effects are mild and self-limited, such as headache and gastrointestinal symptoms, taste disturbances (dysgeusia) can range from mild to severe, resulting in weight loss, and have rarely been reported permanent.
 Onychomycosis: An Updated Review 31738146 
NIH
Onychomycosis ni maambukizi ya vimelea yanayoathiri misumari. Takriban 90 % ya maambukizo ya kucha, pamoja na 75 % ya maambukizo ya kucha, husababishwa na fangasi (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum). Dalili ni pamoja na kubadilika kwa rangi ya kucha, kuwa mzito, kutengana, na ukuaji kupita kiasi. Matibabu ya kawaida yanajumuisha dawa za kumeza kama terbinafine au itraconazole, na matibabu ya juu yanakuwa chaguo kwa kesi za wastani hadi za ngumu.
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. Approximately 90% of toenail and 75% of fingernail onychomycosis are caused by dermatophytes, notably Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. Clinical manifestations include discoloration of the nail, subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and onychauxis. Currently, oral terbinafine is the treatment of choice, followed by oral itraconazole. In general, topical monotherapy can be considered for mild to moderate onychomycosis.