Onychomysosis - Ukucha Kuvuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis
Ukucha Kuvu (Onychomycosis) ni maambukizi ya fangasi kwenye kucha. Dalili zinaweza kujumuisha rangi nyeupe au njano ya msumari, unene wa msumari, na kujitenga kwa msumari kutoka kwa kitanda cha msumari. Kucha za miguu na vidole vinaweza kuathiriwa, ingawa kucha za miguu huwa zimeathiriwa zaidi. Matatizo yanaweza kujumuisha cellulitis ya mguu wa chini. Aina mbalimbali za fangasi, ikijumuisha dermatophytes, zinaweza kusababisha ukucha kuvu (Onychomycosis). Sababu za hatari ni pamoja na mguu wa mwanariadha, magonjwa mengine ya misumari, yatokanayo na mtu aliye na hali hiyo, ugonjwa wa mishipa ya pembeni, na utendaji duni wa kinga.

Dawa ya antifungal terbinafine inayochukuliwa kwa mdomo inaonekana kuwa yenye ufanisi zaidi lakini terbinafine inahusishwa na athari ya ini.

Ukucha kuvu (Onychomycosis) hutokea katika takriban asilimia 10 ya idadi ya watu wazima, huku watu wazee wakiathirika mara kwa mara. Wanaume huathiriwa mara nyingi zaidi kuliko wanawake. Ukucha kuvu (Onychomycosis) inawakilisha takriban nusu ya ugonjwa wa kucha. Hii ina maana kwamba ulemavu wa kucha unaweza pia kutoka kwa sababu nyingine isipokuwa ukucha kuvu (Onychomycosis).

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Ni vigumu kutibu ukucha kuvu (Onychomycosis) na dawa za juu kwa sababu ni vigumu kwa madawa ya kulevya kupenya misumari yenye nene.
#Ketoconazole
#Clotrimazole
#Miconazole
#Terbinafine
#Butenafine [Lotrimin]
#Tolnaftate

○ Matibabu
Matibabu ya muda mrefu huhitajika hadi ukucha ulioambukizwa utolewe nje kabisa.
#Terbinafine (oral)
#Itraconazole
#Efinaconazole lacquer [Jublia]
#Ciclopirox lacquer
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  • Ukucha ulioathiriwa na Onychomycosis (Onychomycosis)
  • Mguu wa mtu mwenye maambukizi ya ukucha wa uyoga wiki kumi baada ya kozi ya dawa ya kumeza ya terbinafine. Kumbuka bendi ya ukuaji wa misumari yenye afya nyuma ya misumari iliyobaki iliyoambukizwa.
  • Kesi ya maambukizi ya fangasi (Onychomycosis) kwenye kidole gumba cha mguu.
References Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment 24364524
Antifungal ya mfumo ni matibabu ya ufanisi zaidi. Uchambuzi wa meta unaonyesha viwango vya uponyaji wa mycotic kama ifuatavyo: terbinafine = 76%, itraconazole with pulse dosing = 63%, itraconazole with continuous dosing = 59%, fluconazole =48% . Uharibifu wa kucha sambamba huongeza viwango vya uponyaji. Tiba ya ngozi na ciclopirox haina ufanisi; ina kiwango cha kushindwa kinachozidi 60%.
Systemic antifungals are the most effective treatment. Meta-analyses shows mycotic cure rates as follows: terbinafine = 76%, itraconazole with pulse dosing = 63%, itraconazole with continuous dosing = 59%, fluconazole =48%. Concomitant nail debridement further increases cure rates. Topical therapy with ciclopirox is less effective; it has a failure rate exceeding 60%.
 Onychomycosis 28722883 
NIH
Onychomycosis ni maambukizi ya vimelea ambayo huathiri misumari. Inaposababishwa na dermatophytes, inaitwa tinea unguium. Onychomycosis ni pamoja na maambukizi yanayosababishwa na dermatophytes, chachu, na mold. Tatizo la kucha lisilosababishwa na fangasi (nail dystrophy). Ingawa inaweza kuathiri kucha na vidole, onychomycosis ya ukucha ni ya kawaida zaidi. Nakala hii inajadili nyanja mbali mbali za onychomycosis ya ukucha, kama vile athari, aina za kliniki, hatua, utambuzi na matibabu. Ingawa si hatari kwa maisha, onychomycosis inaweza kusababisha matatizo makubwa kama vile selulosi, sepsis, osteomyelitis (osteomyelitis), uharibifu wa tishu, na kupoteza misumari.
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. When dermatophytes cause onychomycosis, this condition is called tinea unguium. The term onychomycosis encompasses the dermatophytes, yeasts, and saprophytic mold infections. An abnormal nail not caused by a fungal infection is a dystrophic nail. Onychomycosis can infect both fingernails and toenails, but onychomycosis of the toenail is much more prevalent. Discussed in detail in this activity are all evolving facets of the topic, including disease burden, clinical types, staging, diagnosis, and management of toenail onychomycosis. While non-life-threatening, onychomycosis can lead to severe complications such as cellulitis, sepsis, osteomyelitis, tissue damage, and nail loss.
 Terbinafine 31424802 
NIH
Terbinafine ni dawa inayopambana na magonjwa ya fangasi kwa kuzuia squalene epoxidase. Inafaa dhidi ya aina nyingi za fangasi wa ngozi na imeidhinishwa kutibu ukucha inapochukuliwa kwa mdomo. Ingawa madhara mengi ni laini na hujizimika mwenyewe, mabadiliko ya ladha (dysgeusia) yanaweza kutofautiana kutoka laini hadi kali, wakati mwingine kusababisha kupoteza uzito. Mabadiliko ya ladha ya kudumu ni nadra lakini yameripotiwa.
Terbinafine is an antifungal medication that works through the inhibition of squalene epoxidase. It has activity against most dermatophytes, and it has approval for use as an oral therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis. Although most side effects are mild and self-limited, such as headache and gastrointestinal symptoms, taste disturbances (dysgeusia) can range from mild to severe, resulting in weight loss, and have rarely been reported permanent.
 Onychomycosis: An Updated Review 31738146 
NIH
Onychomycosis ni maambukizi ya vimelea ambayo huathiri misumari. Takriban 90 % ya maambukizo ya kucha ya mguu na 75 % ya maambukizo ya kucha ya mkono husababishwa na dermatophytes (dermatophytes) (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum). Dalili ni pamoja na kubadilika rangi kwa kucha, kuwa mzito, kutengana na kucha, na kukua kupita kiasi. Matibabu kwa kawaida huhusisha dawa za antifungal (antifungal) kama terbinafine au itraconazole, na matibabu ya mdomo ni chaguo la kwanza, ikifuatiwa na itraconazole.
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. Approximately 90% of toenail and 75% of fingernail onychomycosis are caused by dermatophytes, notably Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. Clinical manifestations include discoloration of the nail, subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and onychauxis. Currently, oral terbinafine is the treatment of choice, followed by oral itraconazole. In general, topical monotherapy can be considered for mild to moderate onychomycosis.