Taarifa zaidi ― Kiswahili

Porokeratosis ni hali ya nadra ya ngozi inayoonyeshwa na matatizo ya keratini, na kusababisha mabaka yaliyoinuliwa, yenye umbo la pete au matuta kwenye ngozi. Kipengele chake kinachofafanua chini ya darubini ni uwepo wa lamella ya cornoid, mpangilio maalum wa seli kwenye safu ya juu ya ngozi. Porokeratosis huja kwa namna mbalimbali (disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, linear porokeratosis) . Ni muhimu kutambua kuwa porokeratosis inaweza kuwa saratani ya ngozi. Njia bora ya kugundua porokeratosis ni kupitia uchunguzi wa mpaka ulioinuliwa, ingawa kwa sasa hakuna itifaki ya kawaida ya matibabu.
Porokeratosis is an uncommon dermatologic disorder. It is a disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques with an elevated border. It has a distinct histologic hallmark of cornoid lamella, which is a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells in the upper epidermis. There are multiple clinical variants of porokeratosis, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, and linear porokeratosis. Porokeratosis is a precancerous lesion that can undergo malignant transformation. Evaluation of porokeratosis is best with a biopsy of the elevated border. There are no standard guidelines for treatment.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) ni ugonjwa wa keratinization iliyoharibika. Ni mojawapo ya aina sita za porokeratosis, na kwa kawaida huathiri maeneo makubwa ikilinganishwa na zingine (linear, Mibelli's, punctate, palmoplantar disseminated, superficial porokeratosis) . Aina ya mlipuko ya porokeratosis mara nyingi huhusishwa na saratani, kinga dhaifu, au kuvimba. Mambo ya hatari huhusisha maumbile, ukandamizaji wa kinga, na kupigwa na jua. DSAP huanza kama matuta ya waridi au kahawia yenye kingo zilizoinuliwa katika maeneo yenye jua, na wakati mwingine kusababisha kuwashwa kidogo. Matibabu hutofautiana na yanaweza kujumuisha krimu, tiba nyepesi, au dawa kama vile 5-fluorouracil au retinoids. Vidonda hivi huchukuliwa kuwa ni vya saratani, vyenye 7. 5 - 10 % uwezekano wa kugeuka kuwa squamous cell au basal cell carcinoma.
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a disease of disordered keratinization. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is one of six variants of porokeratosis. It has more extensive involvement than most other variants. These other variants include linear porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. The eruptive form of porokeratosis is associated with malignancy, immunosuppression, and a proinflammatory state. Risk factors for porokeratosis include genetics, immunosuppression, and ultraviolet light. The lesions in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis start as pink to brown papules and macules with a raised border in sun-exposed areas that can be asymptomatic or slightly pruritic. There are many options for the treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, including topical diclofenac, photodynamic therapy (PDT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, and lasers. These lesions are considered precancerous. There is a 7.5 to 10% risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.

Mwanamume mwenye umri wa miaka 52, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa na afya nzuri, alikuja na kiraka bapa, chenye umbo la pete kwenye ncha ya kidole chake cha nne cha mguu, ambacho kilikuwa hapo kwa miaka 2 bila kusababisha dalili zozote. Ilianza kama donge ndogo, ngumu na ilikua nje baada ya muda. Licha ya kujaribu matibabu mbalimbali kama vile cryotherapy, krimu, antifungal, na antibiotics, kiraka hicho hakikuwa bora. Kukichunguza kwa karibu na dermocopsy ilionyesha kituo kavu, nyekundu na mpaka mnene, mbaya. Kipande kidogo cha ngozi kilichochukuliwa kutoka kwenye ukingo wa kiraka kilionyesha ukuaji usio wa kawaida wa seli kwenye tabaka la nje la ngozi, hivyo kuthibitisha utambuzi wa porokeratosis of Mibelli.
A 52-year-old man with no past medical history presented with an asymptomatic annular atrophic patch on the distal portion of the fourth toe of 2 years’ duration. The lesion began as a small keratotic papule that gradually enlarged centrifugally. He had received multiple treatments including cryotherapy, topical corticosteroids, antifungals, and antibiotics without improvement. Dermoscopic examination revealed a scaly atrophic erythematous central area with a sharply demarcated peripheral hyperkeratotic structure. A skin biopsy of the edge of the lesion revealed a cornoid lamella with a column of parakeratotic cells extending from an invagination of the epidermis with absence of granular layer. The clinicopathologic correlation was consistent with porokeratosis of Mibelli.