Syphilis - Kaswendehttps://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaswende
Kaswende (Syphilis) ni maambukizi ya zinaa yanayosababishwa na Treponema pallidum. Dalili na dalili za kaswende hutofautiana kulingana na ni hatua gani kati ya nne inazowasilisha (msingi, sekondari, fiche, na ya juu). Awamu ya kwanza huwa na chancre moja (kidonda cha ngozi kisicho na uchungu, kisicho na uchungu kawaida kati ya 1 cm na 2 cm) ingawa kunaweza kuwa na vidonda vingi. Katika syphilis ya sekondari, upele unaoenea hutokea, ambayo mara nyingi huhusisha mitende ya mikono na miguu ya miguu. Kunaweza pia kuwa na vidonda kwenye mdomo au uke. Katika kaswende fiche, ambayo inaweza kudumu kwa miaka, kuna dalili chache au hakuna. Katika kaswende ya kiwango cha juu, kuna ufizi (vizio laini, visivyo na kansa), matatizo ya neva, au dalili za moyo. Kaswende inaweza kusababisha dalili zinazofanana na magonjwa mengine mengi.

○ Uchunguzi na Tiba
VDRL na RPR inaweza kutumika kuthibitisha maambukizi ya hivi karibuni na uchunguzi wa kaswende. Kipimo cha FTA-ABS ni kipimo mahususi zaidi na kinaweza kutumika kuangalia historia ya maambukizi ya awali. Penicillin hutumiwa kutibu kaswende.

☆ Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Chancres ― maambukizi ya msingi ya kaswende kwa Treponema pallidum
  • Jarisch Herxheimer reaction ― Kaswende na virusi vya upungufu wa kinga ya binadamu
  • Secondary syphilis
References Secondary syphilis in cali, Colombia: new concepts in disease pathogenesis 20502522 
NIH
Kaswende ni ugonjwa wa zinaa unaosababishwa na bakteria Treponema pallidum. Katika utafiti huu, tunazingatia wagonjwa 57 wenye umri wa miaka 18-68 wenye kaswende ya pili.
Venereal syphilis is a multi-stage, sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum (Tp). Herein we describe a cohort of 57 patients (age 18-68 years) with secondary syphilis (SS) identified through a network of public sector primary health care providers in Cali, Colombia.
 Syphilis 30521201 
NIH
Kaswende ni maambukizi ya bakteria yanayosababishwa na Treponema pallidum. Inaweza kuiga magonjwa mbalimbali, na kupata jina la utani great imitator. Kaswende bado huathiri mamilioni duniani kote lakini inaweza kutibiwa vyema na penicillin.
Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been named the “great imitator and mimicker.” Syphilis remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Luckily, the causative organism is still sensitive to penicillin.
 Syphilis 29022569 
NIH
Treponema pallidum husababisha kaswende kwa njia ya kujamiiana au kutoka kwa mama kwenda kwa mtoto wakati wa ujauzito. Ijapokuwa kuna vipimo rahisi vya kuitambua na matibabu kwa risasi moja ya penicillin ya muda mrefu hufanya kazi vizuri, kaswende inakuwa tatizo kubwa tena duniani kote. Hii ni kweli hasa kwa wanaume wanaofanya mapenzi na wanaume (MSM) katika nchi zenye kipato cha juu na cha kati. Wakati baadhi ya nchi zenye kipato cha chini zimeafikia malengo ya WHO kukomesha kaswende kutoka kwa mama kwenda kwa mtoto, kuna ongezeko la kutisha la kaswende miongoni mwa MSM yenye VVU.
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) causes syphilis via sexual exposure or via vertical transmission during pregnancy. Despite the availability of simple diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of treatment with a single dose of long-acting penicillin, syphilis is re-emerging as a global public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income and middle-income countries. Although several low-income countries have achieved WHO targets for the elimination of congenital syphilis, an alarming increase in the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected MSM serves as a strong reminder of the tenacity of T. pallidum as a pathogen.
 Congenital Syphilis 30725772 
NIH
(1) Ini Kubwa: Hii mara nyingi hupatikana na inaweza kutokea kando ya wengu iliyoongezeka. Kuchunguza biopsy ya ini chini ya darubini ya giza kunaweza kuonyesha uwepo wa spirochete. Vipimo vya utendakazi wa ini vinaweza kuonyesha kasoro. (2) Ngozi ya manjano (Manjano) : Iwapo mtu anaonyesha homa ya manjano inategemea ni kiasi gani ini limeathirika. (3) Pua ya Kukimbia: Mara nyingi moja ya ishara za kwanza, kwa kawaida ndani ya wiki ya kwanza baada ya kuzaliwa. (4) Nodi za Limfu Kuvimba: Uvimbe wa jumla wa nodi za limfu, kwa kawaida bila maumivu, pia ni kawaida. (5) Upele wa Ngozi: Upele hutokea wiki moja hadi mbili baada ya pua inayotoka. Unaweza kuona madoa madogo mekundu au waridi nyuma, matako, mapaja na nyayo za miguu. Upele huu unaweza kuendelea hadi kuchubuka na kuganda.
(1) Hepatomegaly: This is the most common finding and may occur with splenomegaly. Biopsy of the liver followed by darkfield microscopy may reveal the spirochete. Liver function tests may be abnormal. (2) Jaundice: Jaundice may or may not be present depending on the extent of liver injury. (3) Rhinitis: One of the first clinical presentations, usually in the first week of life. Copious, persistent white discharge is noted, which contains spirochetes that can be visualized under darkfield microscopy. (4) Generalized Lymphadenopathy: Generalized, non-tender lymphadenopathy is also a common finding. (5) Rash: Rash usually appears one to two weeks after rhinitis. Small red or pink colored maculopapular lesions may be commonly seen on the back, buttocks, posterior thigh and soles of the feet. The rash progresses to desquamation and crusting.