Vitiligohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitiligo
Vitiligo ni hali ya ngozi ya muda mrefu inayojulikana kwa mabaka ya ngozi kupoteza rangi yake. Madoa ya ngozi yaliyoathirika huwa meupe na kwa kawaida huwa na ukingo mkali. Nywele kutoka kwenye ngozi pia zinaweza kuwa nyeupe. Inaonekana zaidi kwa watu wenye ngozi nyeusi. Sababu za hatari ni pamoja na historia ya familia ya hali hiyo au magonjwa mengine ya autoimmune, kama vile hyperthyroidism, alopecia areare, na anemia. Haiambukizi. Ulimwenguni takriban 1 % ya watu wameathiriwa na vitiligo. Takriban nusu ya wagonjwa huonyesha dalili kabla ya umri wa miaka 20, na wengi hupata ugonjwa kabla ya umri wa miaka 40.

Hakuna tiba inayojulikana ya vitiligo. Kwa wale wenye ngozi nyepesi, vipodozi vya jua na vipodozi ni vinavyopendekezwa kwa kawaida. Chaguzi zingine za matibabu zinaweza kujumuisha krimu za steroid au phototherapy.

○ Matibabu
#Phototherapy
#Excimer laser
#Tacrolimus ointment
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Katika matokeo ya 2022 ya Stiftung Warentest kutoka Ujerumani, kuridhika kwa watumiaji na ModelDerm kulikuwa chini kidogo kuliko na mashauriano ya matibabu ya simu yanayolipishwa.
  • Non-segmental vitiligo (Vitiligo isiyo ya sehemu)
  • Vitiligo, wakati mwingine, inaweza kuambatana na nywele nyeupe.
  • Vitiligo ya vidole ni vigumu zaidi kutibiwa kuliko maeneo mengine. Mbali na athari za kimapenzi, vitiligo ni ya kawaida na haina maambukizi. Katika dermatology, matibabu bora zaidi ni phototherapy au matibabu ya laser (excimer) mara 2–3 kwa wiki, kwa angalau mwaka mmoja. Ikiwa huwezi kwenda hospitali mara kwa mara kwa sababu za kifedha au kwa sababu una shughuli nyingi, unaweza kujaribu kifaa cha fototerapi kilichothibitishwa kwa matumizi ya nyumbani.
  • Eyelid vitiligo (Vitiligo ya paji)
  • Vitiligo ya mkono
References Vitiligo: A Review 32155629
Vitiligo ni ugonjwa wa kawaida wa ngozi ambao husababisha mabaka ya ngozi nyeupe kutokana na kupoteza melanocytes. Utafiti wa hivi karibuni unaonyesha kuwa ni ugonjwa wa autoimmune. Ingawa mara nyingi huonekana kama suala la urembo, inaweza kuathiri sana ustawi wa akili na maisha ya kila siku. Mnamo 2011, wataalam waliainisha aina inayoitwa segmental vitiligo, tofauti na zingine.
Vitiligo is a common skin disorder that causes patches of white skin due to the loss of melanocytes. Recent research shows it's an autoimmune disease. While it's often seen as a cosmetic issue, it can deeply affect mental well-being and daily life. In 2011, experts classified a type called segmental vitiligo separately from others.
 Advances in vitiligo: Update on therapeutic targets 36119071 
NIH
Wagonjwa walio na vitiligo wana chaguzi kadhaa za matibabu, kama vile glucocorticoids ya kimfumo, tiba ya picha, na dawa za kukandamiza kinga. Wagonjwa wenye vitiligo sugu wanaweza kupata nafuu kutokana na kotikosteroidi za juu, vizuizi vya calcineurin ya juu, tiba ya picha, na taratibu za kupandikiza. Maendeleo ya hivi karibuni katika kuelewa michakato ya msingi ya vitiligo yamesababisha maendeleo ya matibabu yaliyolengwa. Hivi sasa, vizuizi vya JAK ndizo zinazoahidi zaidi, vinavyotoa ustahimilivu mzuri na matokeo mazuri, licha ya hatari ya kuamsha maambukizo ya siri na athari za kimfumo zinazojulikana na mawakala wengine wa kukandamiza kinga. Utafiti unaoendelea unalenga kutambua saitokini muhimu zinazohusika katika ukuzaji wa vitiligo (IFN-γ, CXCL10, CXCR3, HSP70i, IL-15, IL-17/23, TNF). Kuzuia cytokines hizi kumeonyesha ahadi katika mifano ya wanyama na baadhi ya wagonjwa. Zaidi ya hayo, uchunguzi kuhusu miRNA‑based therapeutics na adoptive Treg cell therapy unaendelea.
Current models of treatment for vitiligo are often nonspecific and general. Various therapy options are available for active vitiligo patients, including systemic glucocorticoids, phototherapy, and systemic immunosuppressants. While stable vitiligo patients may benefit from topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, as well as transplantation procedures. Recently, a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes of vitiligo led to the advent of novel targeted therapies. To date, JAK inhibitors are the only category that has been proved to have a good tolerability profile and functional outcomes in vitiligo treatment, even though the risk of activation of latent infection and systemic side effects still existed, like other immunosuppressive agents. Research is in progress to investigate the important cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, including IFN-γ, CXCL10, CXCR3, HSP70i, IL-15, IL-17/23, and TNF, the blockade of which has undergone preliminary attempts in animal models and some patients. In addition, studies on miRNA-based therapeutics as well as adoptive Treg cell therapy are still primary, and more studies are necessary.