Basal cell carcinoma - Bazal Hujayrali Karsinoma
☆ Germaniyaning 2022 yilgi Stiftung Warentest natijalariga ko'ra, iste'molchilarning ModelDermdan qoniqish darajasi pullik teletibbiyot maslahatlariga qaraganda bir oz pastroq bo'lgan.
Keksa yoshdagi burun terisiga ta'sir qiluvchi yarali yaralar ko'pincha Bazal Hujayrali Karsinoma (Basal cell carcinoma) deb tashxis qilinadi. Burun teri saratonining ushbu turi uchun keng tarqalgan joy hisoblanadi.
Bazal Hujayrali Karsinoma (Basal cell carcinoma) tartibsiz chegaralar va yaralar bilan namoyon bo'lishi mumkin.
Bazal Hujayrali Karsinoma (Basal cell carcinoma) siğil bilan xato qilish mumkin.
References
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) teri saratonining eng keng tarqalgan turi. Quyosh nuriga ta'sir qilish asosiy sababdir. Deyarli barcha BCC holatlari molekulyar tahlilda haddan tashqari faol Kirpi signalini ko'rsatadi. Turli xil davolash usullari mavjud va takrorlanish xavfi, to'qimalarni saqlab qolish muhimligi, bemorning xohishi va kasallikning darajasiga qarab tanlanadi.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy. Exposure to sunlight is the most important risk factor. Most, if not all, cases of BCC demonstrate overactive Hedgehog signaling. A variety of treatment modalities exist and are selected based on recurrence risk, importance of tissue preservation, patient preference, and extent of disease.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy. Exposure to sunlight is the most important risk factor. Most, if not all, cases of BCC demonstrate overactive Hedgehog signaling. A variety of treatment modalities exist and are selected based on recurrence risk, importance of tissue preservation, patient preference, and extent of disease.
Basal cell carcinomas 50 va undan yuqori yoshdagi ochiq teriga ega kattalardagi teri saratonining eng keng tarqalgan turi. Ularning soni butun dunyo bo'ylab, asosan quyosh nuri ta'sirida o'sib bormoqda. Muayyan genetik sharoitlar odamlarda bu saratonni yoshroq rivojlanishga moyil qilishi mumkin. Basal cell carcinomas oson davolash mumkin bo'lgan yuzaki yoki tugunli lezyonlardan tortib, ixtisoslashgan tibbiy guruhlarda muhokama qilishni talab qiladigan keng miqyosli shikastlanishlargacha og'irlik darajasida farqlanadi. Prognoz saratonning qaytish ehtimoli yoki yaqin atrofdagi to'qimalarga zarar etkazish qobiliyatiga bog'liq. Jarrohlik ko'p hollarda standart davolash bo'lib, aniq olib tashlash va takrorlanish ehtimoli kamligini ta'minlaydi. Kamroq invaziv usullar yuzaki lezyonlarni samarali davolashi mumkin.
Basal cell carcinomas are the most frequent skin cancers in the fair-skinned adult population over 50 years of age. Their incidence is increasing throughout the world. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the major carcinogenic factor. Some genodermatosis can predispose to formation of basal cell carcinomas at an earlier age. Basal cell carcinomas are heterogeneous, from superficial or nodular lesions of good prognosis to very extensive difficult-to-treat lesions that must be discussed in multidisciplinary committees. The prognosis is linked to the risk of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma or its local destructive capacity. The standard treatment for most basal cell carcinomas is surgery, as it allows excision margin control and shows a low risk of recurrence. Superficial lesions can be treated by non-surgical methods with significant efficacy.
Basal cell carcinomas are the most frequent skin cancers in the fair-skinned adult population over 50 years of age. Their incidence is increasing throughout the world. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the major carcinogenic factor. Some genodermatosis can predispose to formation of basal cell carcinomas at an earlier age. Basal cell carcinomas are heterogeneous, from superficial or nodular lesions of good prognosis to very extensive difficult-to-treat lesions that must be discussed in multidisciplinary committees. The prognosis is linked to the risk of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma or its local destructive capacity. The standard treatment for most basal cell carcinomas is surgery, as it allows excision margin control and shows a low risk of recurrence. Superficial lesions can be treated by non-surgical methods with significant efficacy.
BCC uchun asosiy davolash jarrohlikdir. Yuqori xavfli yoki takrorlanadigan BCC uchun, ayniqsa muhim joylarda, mikrografik nazorat ostida jarrohlik tavsiya etiladi. Past xavfli yuzaki BCC bo'lgan bemorlar topikal davolash yoki halokatli usullarni ko'rib chiqishlari mumkin. Fotodinamik terapiya yuzaki va past xavfli nodulyar BCC uchun yaxshi ishlaydi. Mahalliy rivojlangan yoki metastatik BCC uchun Hedgehog inhibitörleri (vismodegib or sonidegib) tavsiya etiladi. Agar kasallikning kuchayishi yoki Kirpi inhibitörlerine nisbatan murosasizlik bo'lsa, anti-PD1 antibody (cemiplimab) bilan immunoterapiya ko'rib chiqilishi mumkin. Radioterapiya operatsiya qila olmaydigan bemorlar, ayniqsa keksa bemorlar uchun yaxshi imkoniyatdir. Agar jarrohlik yoki radioterapiya variant bo'lmasa, elektrokimyoterapiya ko'rib chiqilishi mumkin.
The primary treatment for BCC is surgery. For high-risk or recurring BCC, especially in critical areas, micrographically controlled surgery is recommended. Patients with low-risk superficial BCC might consider topical treatments or destructive methods. Photodynamic therapy works well for superficial and low-risk nodular BCCs. For locally advanced or metastatic BCC, Hedgehog inhibitors (vismodegib, sonidegib) are recommended. If there's disease progression or intolerance to Hedgehog inhibitors, immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibody (cemiplimab) can be considered. Radiotherapy is a good option for patients who can't have surgery, especially older patients. Electrochemotherapy could be considered if surgery or radiotherapy isn't an option.
The primary treatment for BCC is surgery. For high-risk or recurring BCC, especially in critical areas, micrographically controlled surgery is recommended. Patients with low-risk superficial BCC might consider topical treatments or destructive methods. Photodynamic therapy works well for superficial and low-risk nodular BCCs. For locally advanced or metastatic BCC, Hedgehog inhibitors (vismodegib, sonidegib) are recommended. If there's disease progression or intolerance to Hedgehog inhibitors, immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibody (cemiplimab) can be considered. Radiotherapy is a good option for patients who can't have surgery, especially older patients. Electrochemotherapy could be considered if surgery or radiotherapy isn't an option.
Xavf omillariga ultrabinafsha nurlar ta'siri, radiatsiya terapiyasi, mishyak bilan uzoq muddatli ta'sir qilish va immunitet tizimining yomon ishlashi (masalan, organ transplantatsiyasi) kiradi. Bolalikda ultrabinafsha nurlanish ayniqsa zararli.
Biopsiya bilan tashxis qo'yilgandan so'ng, davolash odatda jarrohlik yo'li bilan olib tashlanadi. Agar saraton kichik bo'lsa, bu oddiy eksizyon bilan bo'lishi mumkin; Agar saraton kichik bo'lmasa, Mohs operatsiyasi odatda tavsiya etiladi.
Bazal hujayrali karsinoma dunyodagi barcha saratonlarning kamida 32 foizini tashkil qiladi. Melanomadan tashqari teri saratonining taxminan 80% bazal hujayrali saratondir. Qo'shma Shtatlarda oq tanli erkaklarning taxminan 35 foizi va oq tanli ayollarning 25 foizi hayotlarining bir bosqichida bazal hujayrali karsinomadan ta'sirlangan.
○ Diagnoz va davolash
#Dermoscopy
#Skin biopsy
#Mohs surgery